棗莊市山亭區(qū)土壤有機質(zhì)和有效微量元素空間分布及影響因素分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-10 10:23
【摘要】：科學(xué)管理土壤養(yǎng)分,合理施用化肥,是關(guān)系到我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的重大問題。充分了解土壤特性特別是土壤養(yǎng)分空間分布的變異特征,把握其分布規(guī)律,對其進行定量和定性分析,是土壤養(yǎng)分管理以及合理、有效、精準施肥的基礎(chǔ)(劉杏梅,2003)。對于在土壤養(yǎng)分質(zhì)量中占有舉足輕重地位的有機質(zhì)和微量元素來說,更是具有非常重大的研究意義。本研究應(yīng)用GIS和地統(tǒng)計學(xué)相結(jié)合方法,研究了山東省棗莊市山亭區(qū)土壤有機質(zhì)和有效微量元素含量的分布及其空間變異規(guī)律,初步評價了土壤部分養(yǎng)分含量狀況及其控制土壤有機質(zhì)和微量元素含量分布的影響因子,探討了土壤養(yǎng)分分區(qū)管理和施肥的可行性。主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下:(1)對棗莊市山亭區(qū)2011年采取的2059個土壤樣品的有機質(zhì)和有效微量元素養(yǎng)分含量監(jiān)測結(jié)果描述統(tǒng)計和數(shù)據(jù)正態(tài)化檢驗表明:有效錳符合正態(tài)分布外,其余土壤屬性均符合對數(shù)正態(tài)分布;土壤有機質(zhì)和土壤有效微量元素的變異系數(shù)在30.97%~62.42%之間,土壤有機質(zhì)和有效微量元素均屬中等變異程度;土壤有機質(zhì)平均值為12.54g/kg,有效錳平均值為24.59mg/kg,有效鋅平均值為0.39mg/kg,水溶態(tài)硼平均值為0.38mg/kg,有效銅平均值為1.25mg/kg,有效鐵平均值為20.24mg/kg,從均值來看,除土壤有機質(zhì)SOM(臨界值為20g/kg)、有效鋅(臨界值1.0mg/kg)和水溶態(tài)硼(臨界值0.5mg/kg)低于臨界值以外,有效錳(臨界值15mg/kg)、有效銅(臨界值1.0mg/kg)、有效鐵(臨界值1.0mg/kg)的含量均高于各自的臨界值,土壤土壤有機質(zhì)處于缺乏水平,表明研究區(qū)域的土壤肥力質(zhì)量偏低;微量元素中,有效鋅和水溶態(tài)硼的含量處于極缺乏和缺乏的水平,有效鐵和有效錳處于極豐富和豐富的水平,有效銅處于適中或豐富的水平。(2)通過對土壤有機質(zhì)和有效微量元素(Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn和B)的半方差函數(shù)分析表明,有效鋅的塊金值與基臺的比值等于1,土壤有機質(zhì)的為0.011,有效錳的為0.048,水溶態(tài)硼的為0.147,有效銅的為0.092,有效鐵的為0.278,除有效鋅為純塊金效應(yīng)外,土壤有機質(zhì)和其它有效微量元素空間自相關(guān)性較強,其中結(jié)構(gòu)性因素起主導(dǎo)作用。(3)根據(jù)半方差理論模型和參數(shù)可知:有效鋅和有效銅的決定系數(shù)R2較小,分別為0.605和0.651;水溶態(tài)硼的決定系數(shù)R2居中,為0.815;土壤有機質(zhì)、有效錳和有效鐵的決定系數(shù)R2均大于0.9,尤其有效鐵的決定系數(shù)R2達到了0.984。綜上所述,土壤有機質(zhì)和土壤有效微量元素的決定系數(shù)R2均大于0.6,能較好的反映土壤有機質(zhì)和土壤有效微量元素的空間結(jié)構(gòu)特征。(4)根據(jù)空間分析,普通克里格插值結(jié)果表明,土壤有機質(zhì)含量總體上呈塊狀分布,分布的總趨勢是:西南部比東北部偏高,與山亭區(qū)地形變化規(guī)律較為一致;土壤微量元素含量的空間分布各異。土壤水溶態(tài)硼和有效鋅含量的空間分布總體上沒有明顯的特征;有效銅的空間分布趨勢較為明顯,總體上呈塊狀分布,分布的總趨勢為中間高四周低;全區(qū)土壤有效鐵和有效錳的空間分布呈現(xiàn)出明顯的北高南低的趨勢,但有效鐵的空間差異層次性更為明顯。結(jié)合土壤有機質(zhì)和土壤有效微量元素的空間分布,對研究區(qū)的土壤元素進行分區(qū)管理,其中,土壤有機質(zhì)可以分為三個區(qū),土壤有效微量元素均可以分為兩個養(yǎng)分分區(qū)。(5)影響因素分析表明,土壤類型、耕層質(zhì)地、坡度、土地利用類型和地貌類型對土壤有機質(zhì)均有一定程度上的影響。土壤類型主要是由于成土母質(zhì)的差異影響土壤有機質(zhì)的高低與分布,隨質(zhì)地由砂變粘、坡度由低變高,土壤有機質(zhì)含量逐步升高,田間管理水平的差異是造成不同土地利用類型下土壤有機質(zhì)含量差異的主要原因。另外,結(jié)果表明土壤有機質(zhì)的含量隨著坡度的升高而降低。坡度對土壤有機質(zhì)的影響與已有的研究不盡相同,存在一定的偏差,可能與人類耕作等因素有關(guān)土壤有效微量元素中,該五種內(nèi)在因素對有效鋅和水溶態(tài)硼的空間分布不存在明顯的影響。土地利用類型、坡度和地貌類型對有效銅含量的空間分布并無明顯影響,但土壤類型和質(zhì)地對其有一定程度的影響。對于有效鐵和有效錳,除了坡度以外,其他四種結(jié)構(gòu)性因素對有效鐵和有效錳則表現(xiàn)出不同程度的影響,以有效鐵的影響效果尤為明顯。坡度對土壤有效元素的含量高低并無明顯的影響,對有效鐵存在一定的影響,可能是由于有效鐵具有中等的空間相關(guān)性,受小于實驗取樣尺度上的作物、施肥、管理水平等隨機性因素的影響,致使有效鐵與其他有效微量元素在坡度影響下表現(xiàn)出不同的差異性。
[Abstract]:The scientific management of soil nutrient and the rational application of chemical fertilizer are a major problem for the development of agriculture in China. The characteristics of soil characteristics, in particular the spatial distribution of soil nutrients, are fully understood, the distribution law of soil is grasped, and the quantitative and qualitative analysis is carried out, which is the foundation of soil nutrient management and reasonable, effective and precise fertilization (Liu Xingmei, 2003). It is of great significance for organic matter and trace elements which play a very important role in the soil nutrient quality. Based on the combination of GIS and geostatistics, the distribution and spatial variation of soil organic matter and effective trace elements in the mountain pavilion of Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province were studied. The influence factors of soil nutrient content and the distribution of soil organic matter and trace elements in soil were preliminarily evaluated, and the feasibility of soil nutrient zoning management and fertilization was discussed. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) The monitoring results of the organic matter and the effective trace element nutrient content of 2059 soil samples taken in the mountain pavilion in Zaozhuang City in 2011 show that the effective manganese meets the normal distribution, the soil organic matter and the effective trace elements of the soil are of medium variation degree, the average value of the soil organic matter is 125.54g/ kg, the effective manganese average value is 24.59mg/ kg, The mean value of effective zinc is 0.39mg/ kg, the average of water-soluble boron is 0.38mg/ kg, the average effective copper is 1. 25mg/ kg, the average effective iron is 20. 24mg/ kg, and the effective zinc (the critical value is 20g/ kg), the effective zinc (the critical value of 1.0mg/ kg) and the water-soluble boron (the critical value of 0.5mg/ kg) are lower than the critical value. The content of effective manganese (critical value of 15mg/ kg), effective copper (critical value of 1. 0mg/ kg) and effective iron (critical value of 1. 0mg/ kg) is higher than the critical value, and the organic matter in soil is at a lack of level, indicating that the soil fertility in the study area is low; in the trace elements, the content of the effective zinc and the water-soluble boron is in a very poor and deficient level, the effective iron and the effective manganese are at a very rich and rich level, and the effective copper is at a moderate or rich level. (2) The semi-variance function analysis of the soil organic matter and the effective trace elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B) shows that the ratio of the effective zinc to the base station is equal to 1, the organic matter content of the soil is 0.011, the effective manganese is 0.048, the water-soluble boron is 0.147, the effective copper is 0.092, The effective iron is 0.278, except that the effective zinc is the pure gold effect, the spatial self-correlation of soil organic matter and other effective trace elements is strong, and the structural factors play a leading role. (3) According to the semi-variance theory model and parameters, the coefficient of determination of effective zinc and effective copper is small, and the coefficient of determination of water-soluble boron is 0.605 and 0.651, and the coefficient of determination of water-soluble boron is 0.815, and the coefficient of determination of effective manganese and effective iron is more than 0.9. In particular, the coefficient of determination of iron is 0.984. In conclusion, the coefficient of determination of soil organic matter and effective trace elements of soil is more than 0.6, which can reflect the spatial structure of soil organic matter and soil effective trace elements. (4) According to the spatial analysis, the general kriging results show that the organic matter content in the soil is generally in a block distribution, and the general trend of the distribution is that the southwest is higher than the north-east, and the topography of the mountain pavilion is more consistent; and the spatial distribution of the content of the trace elements in the soil is different. The spatial distribution of the soil water-soluble boron and the effective zinc content is not obviously characterized; the spatial distribution tendency of the effective copper is more obvious, and the overall trend of the distribution is lower than the middle height; The spatial distribution of effective iron and effective manganese in the whole area shows a significant trend in the north and south, but the spatial difference of the effective iron is more obvious. According to the spatial distribution of the soil organic matter and the effective trace elements of the soil, the soil elements in the study area can be divided and managed, and the soil organic matter can be divided into three zones, and the soil effective trace elements can be divided into two nutrient zones. (5) The influencing factors analysis indicated that the soil type, the layer texture, the slope, the type of land use and the type of the landforms had a certain degree of influence on the soil organic matter. The soil type is mainly due to the difference of the soil and the parent material, which influences the high and low of the soil organic matter, and the soil organic matter content is gradually increased as the texture is changed by the sand, the slope is changed from low to high, and the organic matter content of the soil is gradually increased, The difference of the level of the organic matter in different land use types is the main cause of the difference in soil organic matter content in different land use types. The results show that the organic matter content of the soil decreases with the increase of the slope. The influence of the slope on the soil organic matter is different from that of the existing research. There is a certain deviation, which may be related to the human cultivation and other factors. The five internal factors have no obvious influence on the spatial distribution of the effective zinc and the water-soluble boron. The type of land use, the slope and the type of landforms have no obvious influence on the spatial distribution of the effective copper content, but the soil type and texture have a certain degree of influence on the spatial distribution of the effective copper content. in addition to that slope, the effective iron and the effective manganese show different influence on the effective iron and the effective manganese, and the effect of the effective iron is particularly obvious. the slope has no obvious influence on the content of the effective elements of the soil, has a certain influence on the effective iron, and can be influenced by the randomness factors such as crop, fertilization, management level and the like on the scale of the experimental sampling due to the moderate spatial correlation of the effective iron, so that the effective iron and other effective trace elements show different differences under the influence of the slope.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S153.6
本文編號：2370417
[Abstract]:The scientific management of soil nutrient and the rational application of chemical fertilizer are a major problem for the development of agriculture in China. The characteristics of soil characteristics, in particular the spatial distribution of soil nutrients, are fully understood, the distribution law of soil is grasped, and the quantitative and qualitative analysis is carried out, which is the foundation of soil nutrient management and reasonable, effective and precise fertilization (Liu Xingmei, 2003). It is of great significance for organic matter and trace elements which play a very important role in the soil nutrient quality. Based on the combination of GIS and geostatistics, the distribution and spatial variation of soil organic matter and effective trace elements in the mountain pavilion of Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province were studied. The influence factors of soil nutrient content and the distribution of soil organic matter and trace elements in soil were preliminarily evaluated, and the feasibility of soil nutrient zoning management and fertilization was discussed. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) The monitoring results of the organic matter and the effective trace element nutrient content of 2059 soil samples taken in the mountain pavilion in Zaozhuang City in 2011 show that the effective manganese meets the normal distribution, the soil organic matter and the effective trace elements of the soil are of medium variation degree, the average value of the soil organic matter is 125.54g/ kg, the effective manganese average value is 24.59mg/ kg, The mean value of effective zinc is 0.39mg/ kg, the average of water-soluble boron is 0.38mg/ kg, the average effective copper is 1. 25mg/ kg, the average effective iron is 20. 24mg/ kg, and the effective zinc (the critical value is 20g/ kg), the effective zinc (the critical value of 1.0mg/ kg) and the water-soluble boron (the critical value of 0.5mg/ kg) are lower than the critical value. The content of effective manganese (critical value of 15mg/ kg), effective copper (critical value of 1. 0mg/ kg) and effective iron (critical value of 1. 0mg/ kg) is higher than the critical value, and the organic matter in soil is at a lack of level, indicating that the soil fertility in the study area is low; in the trace elements, the content of the effective zinc and the water-soluble boron is in a very poor and deficient level, the effective iron and the effective manganese are at a very rich and rich level, and the effective copper is at a moderate or rich level. (2) The semi-variance function analysis of the soil organic matter and the effective trace elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B) shows that the ratio of the effective zinc to the base station is equal to 1, the organic matter content of the soil is 0.011, the effective manganese is 0.048, the water-soluble boron is 0.147, the effective copper is 0.092, The effective iron is 0.278, except that the effective zinc is the pure gold effect, the spatial self-correlation of soil organic matter and other effective trace elements is strong, and the structural factors play a leading role. (3) According to the semi-variance theory model and parameters, the coefficient of determination of effective zinc and effective copper is small, and the coefficient of determination of water-soluble boron is 0.605 and 0.651, and the coefficient of determination of water-soluble boron is 0.815, and the coefficient of determination of effective manganese and effective iron is more than 0.9. In particular, the coefficient of determination of iron is 0.984. In conclusion, the coefficient of determination of soil organic matter and effective trace elements of soil is more than 0.6, which can reflect the spatial structure of soil organic matter and soil effective trace elements. (4) According to the spatial analysis, the general kriging results show that the organic matter content in the soil is generally in a block distribution, and the general trend of the distribution is that the southwest is higher than the north-east, and the topography of the mountain pavilion is more consistent; and the spatial distribution of the content of the trace elements in the soil is different. The spatial distribution of the soil water-soluble boron and the effective zinc content is not obviously characterized; the spatial distribution tendency of the effective copper is more obvious, and the overall trend of the distribution is lower than the middle height; The spatial distribution of effective iron and effective manganese in the whole area shows a significant trend in the north and south, but the spatial difference of the effective iron is more obvious. According to the spatial distribution of the soil organic matter and the effective trace elements of the soil, the soil elements in the study area can be divided and managed, and the soil organic matter can be divided into three zones, and the soil effective trace elements can be divided into two nutrient zones. (5) The influencing factors analysis indicated that the soil type, the layer texture, the slope, the type of land use and the type of the landforms had a certain degree of influence on the soil organic matter. The soil type is mainly due to the difference of the soil and the parent material, which influences the high and low of the soil organic matter, and the soil organic matter content is gradually increased as the texture is changed by the sand, the slope is changed from low to high, and the organic matter content of the soil is gradually increased, The difference of the level of the organic matter in different land use types is the main cause of the difference in soil organic matter content in different land use types. The results show that the organic matter content of the soil decreases with the increase of the slope. The influence of the slope on the soil organic matter is different from that of the existing research. There is a certain deviation, which may be related to the human cultivation and other factors. The five internal factors have no obvious influence on the spatial distribution of the effective zinc and the water-soluble boron. The type of land use, the slope and the type of landforms have no obvious influence on the spatial distribution of the effective copper content, but the soil type and texture have a certain degree of influence on the spatial distribution of the effective copper content. in addition to that slope, the effective iron and the effective manganese show different influence on the effective iron and the effective manganese, and the effect of the effective iron is particularly obvious. the slope has no obvious influence on the content of the effective elements of the soil, has a certain influence on the effective iron, and can be influenced by the randomness factors such as crop, fertilization, management level and the like on the scale of the experimental sampling due to the moderate spatial correlation of the effective iron, so that the effective iron and other effective trace elements show different differences under the influence of the slope.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S153.6
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