【摘要】：【目的】黃泥田為南方主要中低產(chǎn)田類型之一。通過研究長期施肥條件下南方黃泥田土壤磷素累積盈虧與有效磷的關(guān)系,為黃泥田科學(xué)施用磷肥提供理論依據(jù)。【方法】基于連續(xù)33年水稻長期定位試驗,研究了不施肥(CK)、單施化肥(NPK)、化肥配施牛糞(NPKM)、化肥配施秸稈(NPKS)四個處理土壤有效磷的變化規(guī)律及土壤磷累積盈虧狀況,計算有效磷 磷盈虧響應(yīng)系數(shù)�！窘Y(jié)果】各施肥處理雙季稻年份(1983~2004年)土壤有效磷與全磷含量呈年際上升趨勢,以NPKM增幅最為明顯,改為單季稻后(2005~2015年)則呈下降趨勢,也以NPKM降幅最為明顯。試驗至2015年,NPK、NPKS處理有效磷含量分別為9.7 mg/kg、8.7 mg/kg,較試驗初期分別下降8.3 mg/kg、9.3 mg/kg,NPKM處理與試驗初期持平。CK、NPK、NPKM、NPKS處理的磷素活化系數(shù)(PAC)總體呈年際下降趨勢,其多年平均磷素活化系數(shù)值(PAC)分別為2.9%、3.5%、4.7%、4.1%,其中NPKM與NPKS處理顯著高于NPK與CK處理。除雙季稻NPKS處理外,不同施肥模式下雙季稻與單季稻年份的土壤有效磷增減與土壤累積磷盈虧均呈顯著正相關(guān),其中雙季稻年份土壤磷素(P)每盈余100 kg/hm2,NPK、NPKM處理有效磷分別增加4.5 mg/kg與11.2 mg/kg,而單季稻年份土壤磷素每虧缺100 kg/hm2,NPK、NPKM、NPKS處理有效磷分別減少14.6 mg/kg、23.9 mg/kg、25.9 mg/kg。雙季稻磷肥年施用量(P)為26.2kg/hm2時,土壤磷素呈盈虧持平狀態(tài)。【結(jié)論】有機無機肥配施比單施化肥能夠顯著提高黃泥田土壤有效磷、全磷含量和磷素活化系數(shù),有效磷含量與磷素累積盈虧密切相關(guān),等磷素盈虧量下,有機無機肥配施的有效磷響應(yīng)系數(shù)要高于單施化肥,而磷累積虧缺下,有效磷降幅響應(yīng)比磷累積盈余下有效磷增幅響應(yīng)大。
[Abstract]:[objective] Huangnai Field is one of the main middle and low yield fields in South China. The relationship between the accumulation of P and the available phosphorus in the soil of southern yellow mud field was studied under the condition of long-term fertilization, which provided a theoretical basis for the scientific application of phosphorus fertilizer in the yellow mud field. [methods] based on the long-term positioning experiment of rice for 33 consecutive years, The changes of soil available phosphorus and the cumulative profit and loss of phosphorus in soil were studied under the four treatments of no fertilizer, (CK), single chemical fertilizer, (NPK), fertilizer, cattle manure, (NPKM), fertilizer and straw (NPKS). [results] the available P and total P contents of soil increased interannual in the two cropping rice years (1983-2004), and the increase of NPKM was the most obvious, but decreased after changing to single-cropping rice (2005-2015). Also in NPKM decline is the most obvious. From the experiment to 2015, the available phosphorus content of NPK,NPKS treatment was 9. 7 mg/kg,8.7 mg/kg, respectively, which decreased by 8. 3 mg/kg,9.3 mg/kg,NPKM compared with the initial stage of the experiment. The CK,NPK,NPKM, of the treatment was equal to that of the early experiment. The phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC) of NPKS treatment showed an interannual downward trend, and the annual average phosphorus activation coefficient value (PAC) was 2.9 / 3.5and 4.7cm / 4.1, respectively. NPKM and NPKS treatments were significantly higher than NPK and CK treatments. Except for NPKS treatment of double cropping rice, there was a significant positive correlation between the increase and decrease of soil available phosphorus and the profit and loss of soil accumulated phosphorus under different fertilization patterns, and the soil phosphorus (P) surplus was 100 kg/hm2,NPK, per year in double cropping rice year. The available phosphorus of NPKM treatment increased 4.5 mg/kg and 11.2 mg/kg, respectively, while the available phosphorus decreased 14.6 mg/kg,23.9 mg/kg,25.9 mg/kg. per 100 kg/hm2,NPK,NPKM,NPKS deficit of soil phosphorus in single cropping rice year. When the annual application rate of phosphorus fertilizer of double cropping rice was 26.2kg/hm2, the soil phosphorus content was equal. [conclusion] compared with single fertilizer application, organic and inorganic fertilizer could significantly increase the available phosphorus, total phosphorus content and P activation coefficient of soil in yellow mud field. The effective phosphorus content is closely related to the P accumulation profit and loss. Under the same P profit and loss rate, the response coefficient of the organic and inorganic fertilizer is higher than that of the single fertilizer, but the phosphorus accumulation deficit is higher than that of the organic inorganic fertilizer. The response to the decrease of available phosphorus was larger than that of the increase of available phosphorus under the accumulated surplus of phosphorus.
【作者單位】： 福建省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院土壤肥料研究所;
【基金】：福建省屬公益類科研院所基本科研專項(2015R1022-5,2016R1021-2) 公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201203030)資助
【分類號】：S158

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