【摘要】：如今環(huán)境問(wèn)題受到全球關(guān)注,土壤酸化等問(wèn)題也逐漸被重視,如何解決土壤酸化問(wèn)題已經(jīng)迫在眉睫,相關(guān)研究表明,秸稈還田能夠明顯減緩?fù)寥浪峄倪M(jìn)程。本文針對(duì)東北地區(qū)常見(jiàn)的大豆,花生和玉米3種作物的秸稈和葉片部分添加到土壤后對(duì)土壤pH值、交換性酸及其它化學(xué)性質(zhì)的變化為主要的研究,探討了添加不同作物秸稈與土壤酸度的關(guān)系。本試驗(yàn)以吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)試驗(yàn)田土壤為供試土壤,進(jìn)行6個(gè)月的培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn),將不添加作物秸稈土樣作為對(duì)照處理,針對(duì)添加不同作物秸稈、不同量的條件下土壤pH值、交換性酸,交換性能等指標(biāo)進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,對(duì)不同作物秸稈對(duì)土壤pH值的影響進(jìn)行了探討,得出以下結(jié)論:(1)在培養(yǎng)過(guò)程中,對(duì)照組土壤pH值呈逐漸降低趨勢(shì);添加不同量的3種作物秸稈和葉片的土壤pH值呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低趨勢(shì),在培養(yǎng)到第二個(gè)月時(shí)土壤pH值均達(dá)到最大,培養(yǎng)結(jié)束時(shí),不同作物不同添加量相比,并不隨著添加量的增加而呈現(xiàn)有規(guī)律的變化,添加大豆秸稈20g/kg相比于對(duì)照(5.04)增加了0.97,提升幅度最大;同種作物的秸稈和葉片相比,秸稈對(duì)土壤pH值的影響更好。(2)添加3種秸稈和葉片處理的土壤交換性酸、交換性AL3+的含量均低于對(duì)照,但是對(duì)交換性H+的影響不顯著。培養(yǎng)結(jié)束時(shí),不同作物不同添加量,并不隨著添加量的增加而呈現(xiàn)有規(guī)律的變化,添加大豆秸稈20g/kg的交換性酸明顯低于對(duì)照,相比于對(duì)照(0.58 cmol/kg)降低了0.37 cmol/kg;添加玉米秸稈和葉片10 g/kg、15g/kg和20 g/kg的交換性酸的量高于添加5g/kg,同種作物的秸稈和葉片相比,秸稈對(duì)降低交換性酸、交換性AL3+的效果更好。不同作物秸稈相比,大豆秸稈對(duì)交換性酸的降低效果最好,花生秸稈次之。(3)添加3種作物秸稈和葉片的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量在培養(yǎng)結(jié)束時(shí)均明顯高于對(duì)照,相比于對(duì)照組(13.79g/kg)增加幅度均在14.97g/kg以上,說(shuō)明添加不同作物秸稈和葉片均可增加土壤有機(jī)質(zhì),其中添加大豆葉片對(duì)有機(jī)質(zhì)增加效果最好。(4)添加3種作物秸稈和葉片的土壤交換性能均有所提升,能夠明顯提高土壤中交換性鹽基離子的總量。添加大豆秸稈20g/kg對(duì)土壤交換性能的提升效果最為明顯。相關(guān)性分析表明:添加3種作物秸稈和葉片后土壤pH與鹽基飽和度、陽(yáng)離子交換量、交換性鈣呈正相關(guān),而與土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量不相關(guān)。(5)添加3種作物秸稈和葉片的土壤酸堿緩沖容量顯著高于對(duì)照,均可以使土壤的酸堿緩沖容量增加。但是在培養(yǎng)結(jié)束時(shí),添加大豆秸稈20g/kg效果明顯優(yōu)于添加其他作物秸稈和葉片的處理。綜上所述,添加不同作物秸稈和葉片能夠明顯改善土壤的酸化狀況,無(wú)論是秸稈部分還是葉片部分的施入都能有效提高土壤pH值,顯著降低土壤中交換性酸和交換性AL3+含量。添加3種作物秸稈和葉片部分能夠明顯提高土壤中鈣離子的含量,相關(guān)性分析表明,pH值的變化,主要?dú)w因于交換性鈣的飽和度變化。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, environmental problems have been paid attention to all over the world and soil acidification has been paid more and more attention. It is urgent to solve the problem of soil acidification. Relevant studies have shown that straw returning to the field can obviously slow down the process of soil acidification. In this paper, the changes of soil pH value, exchangeable acid and other chemical properties of soybean, peanut and maize were studied by adding straw and leaf parts of soybean, peanut and corn to soil. The relationship between soil acidity and straw addition was discussed. In this experiment, the soil of Jilin Agricultural University was used as the test soil, and the culture experiment was conducted for 6 months. The soil samples without crop straw were treated as control, and the pH value and exchangeable acid of soil were studied under different conditions of different crop stalks. The effects of different crop stalks on soil pH values were analyzed by correlation analysis. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) in the process of culture, the soil pH values of the control group decreased gradually; The soil pH values of three different crop stalks and leaves increased at first and then decreased, and reached the maximum at the second month. At the end of cultivation, different crops were added with different amounts of pH. The addition of soybean straw 20g/kg increased by 0.97 compared with the control (5.04), and the increase range was the largest. The effect of straw on soil pH was better than that of the same crop. (2) the content of exchangeable AL3 was lower than that of control, but the effect on exchangeable H was not significant. At the end of cultivation, different crops did not change regularly with the increase of the added amount, and the exchangeable acid of soybean straw 20g/kg was significantly lower than that of the control. Compared with the control (0. 58 cmol/kg), the decrease was 0. 37 cmol/kg;. The amount of exchangeable acid added with 10 g / kg of corn straw and 10 g / kg of leaf for 15 g / kg and 20 g/kg was higher than that of adding 5 g / kg of corn straw. The effect of straw on reducing exchangeable acid and exchangeable AL3 was better than that of leaf of the same crop. Compared with different crop straws, soybean straw had the best effect on reducing exchangeable acid, followed by peanut straw. (3) the content of soil organic matter in three crop straws and leaves was significantly higher than that of control at the end of cultivation. Compared with the control group (13.79g/kg), the increase of soil organic matter was higher than that of the control group, indicating that the addition of different crop straw and leaf could increase soil organic matter. The addition of soybean leaves had the best effect on the increase of organic matter. (4) the soil exchange properties of the three crops straw and leaves were improved and the total amount of exchangeable base ions in the soil was obviously increased. The effect of adding soybean straw 20g/kg on soil exchange performance was the most obvious. Correlation analysis showed that soil pH was positively correlated with base saturation, cation exchange capacity and exchangeable calcium after adding three crop stalks and leaves. But it was not related to soil organic matter content. (5) the soil acid-base buffer capacity of three crops straw and leaf was significantly higher than that of the control, which could increase the soil acid-base buffer capacity. But at the end of cultivation, the effect of adding soybean straw 20g/kg was better than that of other crop straw and leaf. To sum up, adding different crop straw and leaves can obviously improve the acidification of soil. Both straw and leaf application can effectively increase soil pH value, significantly reduce the content of exchangeable acid and exchangeable AL3 in soil. The content of Ca ~ (2 +) in soil was significantly increased by adding straw and leaf parts of three crops. The correlation analysis showed that the change of pH value was mainly attributed to the change of exchangeable calcium saturation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S156.6

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