【摘要】：生物質(zhì)炭因其具有多孔性和巨大的比表面積,被用作改善土壤物理結(jié)構(gòu)的改良劑。為了評價生物質(zhì)炭對蘇打鹽漬土的改良效果,本研究采用多因素完全隨機實驗設(shè)計,將0、1%、2%、5%、10%(炭土比)的生物質(zhì)炭和0、10、30、50、80 m L·kg-1(酸土比)鹽酸均勻混合,添加于蘇打鹽漬土中,通過室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)實驗,研究了不同生物質(zhì)炭和鹽酸混合處理對輕度、中度蘇打鹽漬化土壤的p H值、EC、容重、滲透系數(shù),以及所生長作物燕麥株高和干重等的影響。結(jié)果表明:1.生物質(zhì)炭的施入使輕度蘇打鹽漬土容重下降了5.9%~20%,使中度蘇打鹽漬化土壤的容重下降了4.1%~19%;使輕度蘇打鹽漬土的滲透系數(shù)增加了7.7%~61.5%,使中度蘇打鹽漬土的滲透系數(shù)增加了35%以上;生物質(zhì)炭在一定程度上可使蘇打鹽漬土的p H值降低,且不同生物質(zhì)炭用量對不同鹽漬化程度的蘇打鹽漬土p H值的影響不同,具體表現(xiàn)為:1%、2%、5%、10%的生物質(zhì)炭都使蘇打鹽漬土的p H值在一定程度上降低,5%生物質(zhì)炭使輕度蘇打鹽漬土p H值降低最多(0.87個單位),使中度蘇打鹽漬土p H值降低最少(0.21個單位);此外,1%、2%、5%的生物質(zhì)炭可以促進燕麥生長,10%生物質(zhì)炭則對燕麥生長有抑制作用。2.生物質(zhì)炭和鹽酸配施使輕度蘇打鹽漬土容重降低了5.9%~28.1%,使中度蘇打鹽漬土容重降低了3.4%~27.2%;使輕度蘇打鹽漬土p H值降低0.01~0.62個單位,使中度蘇打鹽漬土的p H值降低了0.62~1.16個單位。生物質(zhì)炭和鹽酸配施較同一水平的生物質(zhì)炭單獨作用對蘇打鹽漬土的改良效果更好,更能促進燕麥生長。3.2%生物質(zhì)炭配和30 m L·kg-1的0.5N鹽酸處理,使輕度蘇打鹽漬化土壤的p H值降低到7.61,容重下降19.2%,滲透系數(shù)升高31.6%,燕麥株高增加6.3%,干重增加65.5%,且與施用脫硫石膏的對照組無顯著差異,可以作為輕度蘇打鹽漬化土壤的改良劑配方;5%生物質(zhì)炭和10 m L·kg-1的0.5N鹽酸組合處理,使中度蘇打鹽漬化土壤p H降低到8.06,容重下降19%,滲透系數(shù)從2×10-4cm·s-1升高到1.7×10-3cm·s-1,燕麥長勢良好,比5%生物質(zhì)炭單獨作用效果更好,更能有效改良中度蘇打鹽漬化土壤。
[Abstract]:Biomass carbon is used as an improver to improve the physical structure of soil because of its porosity and large specific surface area. In order to evaluate the improvement effect of biomass carbon on soda-saline soil, a multi-factor random experimental design was adopted in this study. In this study, the mixture of 10% (carbon-soil ratio) biomass carbon and 5080ml kg-1 (acid-soil ratio) hydrochloric acid was added to the soda-saline soil. The effects of mixed treatment of biomass carbon and hydrochloric acid on pH value, EC, bulk density, osmotic coefficient, plant height and dry weight of oats grown in mild and moderate soda-salinized soils were studied in laboratory. The results show that: 1. The application of biomass carbon reduced the bulk density of mild soda-salt soil by 5.920%, and decreased the bulk density of moderately soda-salinized soil by 4.1%, increased the permeability coefficient of mild soda-saline soil by 7.775%, and increased the permeability coefficient of moderate soda-saline soil by more than 35%. Biomass carbon can reduce pH value of soda-saline soil to some extent, and the effect of biomass carbon dosage on pH value of soda-salinized soil with different degree of salinization is different. The results are as follows: (1) 10% biomass charcoal can reduce pH value of soda-saline soil to some extent, 5% biomass charcoal can reduce pH value of mild soda-salt soil most (0.87 units), and make moderate soda-saline soil decrease least pH value. (0.21 units), in addition, 5% biomass charcoal could promote oat growth, while 10% biomass carbon could inhibit oat growth. 2. Combined application of biomass carbon and hydrochloric acid reduced the bulk density of mild soda-saline soil by 5.9% and 28.1U, and decreased the bulk density of moderate soda-saline soil by 3.4c27.2cm, and the pH value of mild soda-saline soil decreased by 0.01g 0.62 units and 0.62-1.16 units respectively. The effects of biomass carbon and hydrochloric acid on the improvement of soda-saline soil were better than those of the same level of biomass carbon alone, and the growth of oats was promoted. The mixture of 3.2% biomass charcoal and 30 mL kg-1 0.5 N hydrochloric acid was used in the treatment. The pH value of mild soda-salinized soil was reduced to 7.61, the bulk density decreased 19.2%, the osmotic coefficient increased 31.6%, the height of oats increased 6.3%, the dry weight increased 65.5%, and there was no significant difference compared with the control group applying desulphurized gypsum. It can be used as an improver for mild soda-salinized soil, 5% biomass carbon and 10 mL kg-1 0.5N hydrochloric acid treatment can reduce pH to 8.06, bulk density decrease 19%, osmotic coefficient increases from 2 脳 10-4cm s-1 to 1.7 脳 10-3cm s-1, oat grows well. Compared with 5% biomass carbon alone, it can effectively improve the moderate soda-salinized soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院（東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所）
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S156.4

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