【摘要】：水稻(Oryza sativa L.)和油菜(Brassica campestris L.)輪作是中國南方地區(qū)常見的耕作制度,其優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于能夠提高農(nóng)業(yè)土地利用率和增強(qiáng)土壤生產(chǎn)力,且能改變土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境。輪作栽培土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境的改變對(duì)作物生長具有益的作用,而土壤中微生物的變化是土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境改變的重要因素。因此,研究土壤微生物活性和多樣性可為水稻和油菜輪作栽培對(duì)土壤質(zhì)地的影響能夠提供理論依據(jù),對(duì)維持良好的土壤環(huán)境生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和農(nóng)田可持續(xù)耕作具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。以瀏陽(短期試驗(yàn):3 a)和安仁(長期試驗(yàn):30 a)兩地的稻-稻-油菜輪作土壤為研究對(duì)象,選取稻-稻連作土壤作為對(duì)照比較,分別于2015年7月、10月和2016年4月取樣測定稻-稻-油菜輪作和稻-稻連作土壤微生物量碳、氮含量。結(jié)果表明:就所測得的瀏陽土壤微生物量碳含量而言,稻-稻-油菜輪作比稻-稻連作分別高出16.99%、15.26%、32.33%,安仁土壤則分別高出26.38%、20.18%、35.74%;就所測得的瀏陽土壤微生物量氮含量而言,稻-稻-油菜輪作比稻-稻連作分別高出34.63%、17.80%、33.81%,安仁土壤則分別高出14.29%、15.31%、14.58%。采用Biolog ECO技術(shù)分析土壤微生物多樣性,結(jié)果表明瀏陽和安仁兩地稻-稻-油菜輪作和稻-稻連作土壤平均吸光值(AWCD)變化趨勢(shì)相同,稻-稻-油菜輪作土壤AWCD值大于稻-稻連作,表明稻-稻-油菜輪作提高了土壤微生物對(duì)碳源的利用能力。研究結(jié)果表明稻-稻-油菜輪作顯著提高了土壤微生物豐富度指數(shù),而對(duì)均勻度和優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)影響不顯著。通過主成分分析可知,3個(gè)不同時(shí)期土壤微生物對(duì)碳源的利用以糖類、羧酸類、氨基酸類為主。
[Abstract]:Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Rape (Brassica campestris L.) Crop rotation is a common farming system in southern China, which has the advantages of increasing agricultural land use efficiency and soil productivity, and changing soil ecological environment. The change of soil ecological environment in rotation is beneficial to crop growth, and the change of microorganism in soil is an important factor in the change of soil ecological environment. Therefore, the study of soil microbial activity and diversity can provide theoretical basis for the effect of rice and rape rotation cultivation on soil texture, and have important practical significance for maintaining a good soil environment ecosystem and farmland sustainable tillage. The rice-rape rotation soil in Liuyang (short-term experiment: 3 a) and Anren (long-term experiment: 30 a) was used as the research object, and the rice-rice continuous cropping soil was selected as control. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents were measured in July, October, and April, 2016, respectively. The results showed that the microbial biomass carbon content in Liuyang soil was higher than that in continuous cropping of rice and rape, 16.99% 15.26% and 32.33%, respectively, and that in Anren soil was 26.38 38% and 20.18% higher than that in Liuyang soil, respectively, as far as the measured microbial biomass nitrogen content in Liuyang soil was concerned. Rice-rape rotation was 34.63% higher than that of rice-rice continuous cropping, and 17.80% and 33.81% higher than that of rice-rice continuous cropping, and the soil in Anren was 14.299.31% higher than 14.58% in Anren soil, respectively. Soil microbial diversity was analyzed by Biolog ECO technique. The results showed that the average light absorption value (AWCD) of rice-rapeseed rotation and continuous rice-rice cropping in Liuyang and Anren was the same, and the AWCD value of rice-rape rotation was higher than that of rice-rice continuous cropping. The results showed that rice-rape rotation improved the ability of soil microorganism to utilize carbon source. The results showed that rice-rape rotation significantly increased the soil microbial richness index, but had no significant effect on the evenness and dominance index. According to principal component analysis, the utilization of carbon sources by soil microbes in three different periods was mainly carboxylic acids and amino acids.
【作者單位】： 湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院;湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)工學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31272248) 國際科技合作項(xiàng)目(2013DFG91190)
【分類號(hào)】：S154.3

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