【摘要】：為合理評(píng)價(jià)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖對(duì)環(huán)境的影響,選取太湖流域典型地區(qū)12個(gè)養(yǎng)殖池塘和養(yǎng)殖圍網(wǎng),包括淡水池塘養(yǎng)殖中華絨螯蟹、草魚(yú)和翹嘴紅湆,網(wǎng)圍養(yǎng)殖中華絨螯蟹、鰱鳙等5種養(yǎng)殖模式和養(yǎng)殖品種,采用現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)及物料平衡相結(jié)合的方法對(duì)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖中總氮、總磷、銅和鋅等污染物的排污系數(shù)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)定量研究。結(jié)果表明,物料平衡法計(jì)算下的排污系數(shù)因養(yǎng)殖品種和養(yǎng)殖模式的不同存在較大差異,即使同一養(yǎng)殖模式下的同一主要養(yǎng)殖品種,因配養(yǎng)情況的不同得出的排污系數(shù)也相差很大。圍網(wǎng)養(yǎng)殖中華絨螯蟹,套養(yǎng)其他魚(yú)類(lèi)的比例在30%~60%時(shí),總氮、總磷、銅、鋅的排污系數(shù)均值分別為16.80、2.80、0.002 0、0.026 1 kg·t~(-1);如不套養(yǎng)或少量套養(yǎng)(套養(yǎng)比例10%),總氮、總磷、銅、鋅的排污系數(shù)均值分別為90.03、41.39、0.036 5、0.219 8 kg·t~(-1);網(wǎng)圍養(yǎng)殖鰱鳙的排污系數(shù)為負(fù)值。對(duì)池塘養(yǎng)殖模式,采用現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)和物料衡算兩種方法同時(shí)進(jìn)行測(cè)算,物料衡算法計(jì)算下的排污系數(shù)遠(yuǎn)大于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)法。研究結(jié)果結(jié)合漁業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),可核算區(qū)域水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖污染負(fù)荷。在水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖過(guò)程中,要充分利用魚(yú)、螺、草、藻的物質(zhì)循環(huán)關(guān)系,建立一種良好的生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖模式,達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和環(huán)境保護(hù)雙贏的目的。
[Abstract]:In order to evaluate the effects of aquaculture on the environment, 12 culture ponds and purse seine nets were selected from typical areas of Taihu Lake Basin, including freshwater ponds for cultured Chinese mitten crabs, grass carp and Hedyotis sinensis, and meshes for cultured Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis). Five breeding modes and varieties of silver carp and bighead carp were used to study systematically and quantitatively the pollutant discharge coefficient of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, copper and zinc in aquaculture by means of field monitoring and material balance. The results showed that the sewage discharge coefficient calculated by the material balance method was different from that of the breeding species and the culture model, even if the same main breeding varieties were under the same culture model. Because of the difference in the circumstances of the discharge coefficient is also very different. The seine net culture Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), the average discharge coefficient of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, copper and zinc were 16.80 ~ 2.80 ~ 0.0020 ~ 0.026 1 kg t ~ (-1) when the proportion of other fish was 30 ~ 60, such as no culture or a few sets (proportion 10%), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, copper, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, copper, The average discharge coefficient of zinc was 90.03 (41.39) and the emission coefficient of fish and bighead carp was negative, respectively, and the average value of zinc was 0.219 8 kg / t ~ (-1), respectively, and that of fish and bighead carp was negative. For the pond culture model, the discharge coefficient calculated by the material scale algorithm is much larger than that of the field measurement method by using both the field measurement method and the material balance calculation method. The results of the study combined with fishery statistics can calculate the pollution load of regional aquaculture. In the process of aquaculture, it is necessary to make full use of the material circulation relationship among fish, snail, grass and algae, and establish a good ecological culture model to achieve the win-win goal of economic benefit and environmental protection.
【作者單位】： 環(huán)境保護(hù)部南京環(huán)境科學(xué)研究所;
【基金】：國(guó)家水體污染控制與治理科技重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(2012ZX07101-007)~~
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X714

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