【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展,有機固體廢棄物的產(chǎn)生量越來越大,如果處置不當(dāng)會對環(huán)境及人體健康造成嚴(yán)重的影響。因此,有機固體廢棄物的處置越來越受到重視。有機固體廢棄物含有豐富的有機質(zhì)和養(yǎng)分,資源化潛力巨大。有機固體廢棄物通過蚯蚓的消化系統(tǒng)時,在相關(guān)酶作用下能夠迅速分解、轉(zhuǎn)化成為自身或其他生物易于利用的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)(即蚯蚓堆肥),蚯蚓堆肥具有較好的物理性狀,較高的腐殖質(zhì)含量、養(yǎng)分有效性、微生物活性。本研究首先將牛糞、茶渣、藥渣和菌渣等有機物料按不同比例復(fù)配進(jìn)行蚯蚓堆肥試驗,分析蚯蚓堆肥的理化性質(zhì)和可溶性有機物的三維熒光光譜特征的動態(tài)變化。根據(jù)蚯蚓生長狀況,篩選出適合蚯蚓生長的最佳物料配比然后將蚯蚓堆肥應(yīng)用于番茄和小白菜育苗基質(zhì)的研發(fā)。主要結(jié)果如下:牛糞與藥渣、牛糞與茶渣的不同比例物料配比中,蚯蚓生長情況均較好,而在有菌渣復(fù)配的物料中,蚯蚓生長情況均較差;隨著時間的增加,蚯蚓堆肥的pH逐步趨向中性和弱酸性,EC、全氮、全磷、速效氮和速效磷含量逐漸增加,全鉀和速效鉀呈現(xiàn)出先增加后降低的趨勢,而堆肥的有機質(zhì)含量逐漸減小;三維熒光光譜特征和熒光區(qū)域指數(shù)結(jié)果表明,隨堆肥時間增加,可溶性有機物(DOM)中的類蛋白峰逐漸減弱,而類腐殖質(zhì)峰逐漸增強。蚯蚓堆肥改變了有機廢棄物DOM的組成,生成了大量類胡敏酸和類富里酸物質(zhì),性質(zhì)逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定。因此,有機廢棄物蚯蚓堆肥中DOM物質(zhì)含量變化可作為一個很好的蚯蚓堆肥成熟度評估指標(biāo)。以茶渣蚯蚓堆肥為原料,與泥炭、珍珠巖、蛭石按不同體積(1:5:2:2、2:4:2:2、3:3:2:2、4:2:2:2、6:0:2:2)復(fù)配成不同的育苗基質(zhì)(處理1、處理2、處理3、處理4、處理5)進(jìn)行番茄育苗試驗。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),除處理1外,其他處理的番茄幼苗生長指標(biāo)均優(yōu)于市場上常規(guī)育苗基質(zhì)(對照)),并以處理4效果最好,處理5次之。隨著茶渣蚯蚓堆肥比例的提高,番茄幼苗的株高、莖粗、SPAD值、根系形態(tài)指標(biāo)呈先上升后下降的趨勢。小白菜的育苗效果與番茄的基本一致,同樣以處理4的效果最佳。在本實驗中,采用適當(dāng)配方的茶渣蚯蚓堆肥基質(zhì)(處理4)可明顯促進(jìn)番茄和小白菜幼苗的生長和品質(zhì)的提高,可推薦用于番茄和小白菜的穴盤育苗生產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy in China, the amount of organic solid waste is increasing. If the disposal is not proper, it will have a serious impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the disposal of organic solid waste. Organic solid wastes are rich in organic matter and nutrients. When organic solid wastes pass through the digestive system of earthworms, they can be quickly decomposed into nutrients (i.e. earthworm compost) which can be easily used by themselves or other organisms under the action of related enzymes. Earthworm compost has better physical properties. Higher humus content, nutrient availability and microbial activity. In this study, the organic materials such as cow manure, tea dregs, medicinal residue and bacteria residue were mixed in different proportions to carry out the earthworm composting test, and the physicochemical properties of earthworm compost and the dynamic change of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of soluble organic matter were analyzed. According to the growth condition of earthworm, the best proportion of materials suitable for earthworm growth was selected, and then earthworm compost was applied to the research and development of tomato and pakchoi seedling substrate. The main results are as follows: the growth of earthworm is better in the proportion of cow dung and medicine residue, cow dung and tea dregs, but the growth of earthworm is worse in the mixed material with bacteria residue, and with the time increasing, the growth of earthworm is worse. The pH of earthworm compost tended to be neutral and weak acid, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen and available phosphorus gradually increased, total potassium and available potassium showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while the content of organic matter in compost gradually decreased. The results of 3D fluorescence spectrum and fluorescence region index showed that with the increase of composting time, the protein like peak in soluble organic matter (DOM) decreased gradually, while the humus peak gradually increased. Earthworm compost changed the composition of organic waste DOM and produced a large number of Hu Min and fulvic acid-like substances. The properties of earthworm compost tended to be stable. Therefore, the change of DOM content in earthworm compost from organic waste can be used as a good index to evaluate the maturity of earthworm compost. Using tea-dregs earthworm compost as raw material, mixed with peat, perlite and vermiculite in different volumes (1: 5: 2: 2: 2, 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2). The results showed that, except for treatment 1, the growth indexes of tomato seedlings of other treatments were better than those of conventional seedling raising media in the market (control), and treatment 4 was the best, treatment 5 was the second.) With the increase of the compost ratio of earthworm in tea dregs, the plant height, stem diameter and root morphology index of tomato seedlings increased first and then decreased. The seedling effect of pakchoi was basically the same as that of tomato, and the effect of treatment 4 was the best. In this experiment, the suitable formula of tea-residue earthworm composting medium (treatment 4) could obviously promote the growth and quality of tomato and pakchoi seedlings, and could be recommended for the production of tomato and pakchoi seedlings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S141.4;S63

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