秸稈深還不同年限對土壤水分物理性質(zhì)及抗剪強度的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-09 13:17
【摘要】：我國是秸稈產(chǎn)量大國,2006年中國秸稈總量超過7.6億t。吉林省是中國糧食的主要產(chǎn)區(qū)之一,其2010年玉米秸稈產(chǎn)量約為2400萬t,價值在15億元左右。但是秸稈資源的價值卻沒有得到充分利用,在東北約有30%的作物秸稈在收獲后直接原地焚燒,不僅浪費了寶貴的資源,而且對造成空氣污染、危害交通安全、增加火災隱患等方面產(chǎn)生巨大危害。此外,作為糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)的東北黑土區(qū)正面臨著嚴重的土壤退化問題,自開墾以來,黑土區(qū)的黑土厚度、土壤理化性狀和肥力狀況日趨惡化,部分地區(qū)已經(jīng)喪失農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力。秸稈中含有豐富的養(yǎng)分原料,其在礦化過程中能夠釋放大量有機質(zhì)及土壤和動植物所需的營養(yǎng)元素,本文針對秸稈資源焚燒和農(nóng)田黑土退化問題,通過將玉米秸稈施入土壤亞表層(20~40 cm),來解決秸稈資源等問題,同時提升土壤肥力、通透性及蓄水能力。過去主要專注于秸稈覆蓋和表層淺施后表層土壤理化性質(zhì)的研究,因此對秸稈深還及土壤亞表層物理特征的研究很少。研究的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)秸稈深還之后玉米的生長狀況和玉米產(chǎn)量較對照有顯著提升,秸稈配施化肥處理中,NPK+O12處理增產(chǎn)效果最顯著。(2)秸稈深還三年內(nèi)表層和亞表層的土壤總孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、最大持水量、毛管持水量、田間持水量均得到顯著提高,其中秸稈在深還兩年后各試驗處理數(shù)據(jù)達到峰值。(3)秸稈深還能夠增強土壤滲透能力,秸稈深還的第2年水穩(wěn)定入滲值顯著高于其他各處理,秸稈深還處理水穩(wěn)定入滲值均高于對照。(4)秸稈深還能夠促進了0.25 mm微團聚體向0.25 mm大團聚體進行轉(zhuǎn)換,其中秸稈深還2年后效果最顯著。(5)土壤粘聚力隨含水量的增加呈現(xiàn)顯著的先增加后降低的趨勢,而內(nèi)摩擦角呈線性下降的趨勢。試驗表明秸稈深能夠有效降低土壤粘聚力和內(nèi)摩擦角,且秸稈深還第2年對土壤粘聚力和內(nèi)摩擦角降低幅度最大,其次是第1年,第3年土壤的粘聚力和內(nèi)摩擦角出現(xiàn)回升的趨勢,但仍然低于CK。
[Abstract]:China is a big country in straw production, the total amount of straw in China exceeded 760 million t in 2006. Jilin Province is one of the main grain producing areas in China. The yield of corn straw in 2010 is about 24 million tons and the value is about 1.5 billion yuan. However, the value of straw resources has not been fully utilized. In Northeast China, about 30% of crop straw is burned directly after harvest, which not only wastes precious resources, but also causes air pollution and endangers traffic safety. Increase the hidden danger of fire and other aspects of great harm. In addition, the northeast black soil region, as the main grain producing area, is facing the serious problem of soil degradation. Since the reclamation, the black soil thickness, soil physical and chemical properties and fertility in the black soil region have deteriorated day by day, and some areas have lost their agricultural production capacity. Straw contains abundant nutrient raw materials, which can release a large amount of organic matter and nutrients needed by soil, plant and animal in the course of mineralization. In this paper, the problems of straw resource burning and farmland black soil degradation are discussed. Maize straw was applied to the subsurface layer of soil (20 ~ 40 cm),) to solve the problems of straw resources, and to improve soil fertility, permeability and water storage capacity. In the past, the physical and chemical properties of the topsoil were mainly studied after straw mulching and superficial application, so there was little research on the physical characteristics of straw depth and soil subsurface layer. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the growth status and yield of maize were significantly improved compared with the control. (2) the soil total porosity, non-capillary porosity, maximum water holding capacity and capillary water holding capacity of the surface and subsurface layer of straw were increased in the treatment of NPK O 12. The field water holding capacity was significantly increased, among which the straw treatment data reached the peak value two years later. (3) Straw depth also enhanced the soil osmotic capacity, and the water stable infiltration value in the second year of straw depth was significantly higher than that of other treatments. (4) Straw depth could also promote the transformation from 0.25 mm microaggregate to 0.25 mm large aggregate. Among them, the effect of straw depth was the most significant after 2 years. (5) with the increase of water content, the cohesion of soil increased first and then decreased, while the angle of internal friction decreased linearly. The results showed that straw depth could effectively reduce soil cohesion and internal friction angle, and the second year straw depth had the largest decrease in soil cohesion and internal friction angle, followed by the first year. In the third year, the cohesion and internal friction angle of soil increased, but still lower than CK..
【學位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S141.4
本文編號：2259476
[Abstract]:China is a big country in straw production, the total amount of straw in China exceeded 760 million t in 2006. Jilin Province is one of the main grain producing areas in China. The yield of corn straw in 2010 is about 24 million tons and the value is about 1.5 billion yuan. However, the value of straw resources has not been fully utilized. In Northeast China, about 30% of crop straw is burned directly after harvest, which not only wastes precious resources, but also causes air pollution and endangers traffic safety. Increase the hidden danger of fire and other aspects of great harm. In addition, the northeast black soil region, as the main grain producing area, is facing the serious problem of soil degradation. Since the reclamation, the black soil thickness, soil physical and chemical properties and fertility in the black soil region have deteriorated day by day, and some areas have lost their agricultural production capacity. Straw contains abundant nutrient raw materials, which can release a large amount of organic matter and nutrients needed by soil, plant and animal in the course of mineralization. In this paper, the problems of straw resource burning and farmland black soil degradation are discussed. Maize straw was applied to the subsurface layer of soil (20 ~ 40 cm),) to solve the problems of straw resources, and to improve soil fertility, permeability and water storage capacity. In the past, the physical and chemical properties of the topsoil were mainly studied after straw mulching and superficial application, so there was little research on the physical characteristics of straw depth and soil subsurface layer. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the growth status and yield of maize were significantly improved compared with the control. (2) the soil total porosity, non-capillary porosity, maximum water holding capacity and capillary water holding capacity of the surface and subsurface layer of straw were increased in the treatment of NPK O 12. The field water holding capacity was significantly increased, among which the straw treatment data reached the peak value two years later. (3) Straw depth also enhanced the soil osmotic capacity, and the water stable infiltration value in the second year of straw depth was significantly higher than that of other treatments. (4) Straw depth could also promote the transformation from 0.25 mm microaggregate to 0.25 mm large aggregate. Among them, the effect of straw depth was the most significant after 2 years. (5) with the increase of water content, the cohesion of soil increased first and then decreased, while the angle of internal friction decreased linearly. The results showed that straw depth could effectively reduce soil cohesion and internal friction angle, and the second year straw depth had the largest decrease in soil cohesion and internal friction angle, followed by the first year. In the third year, the cohesion and internal friction angle of soil increased, but still lower than CK..
【學位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S141.4
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，本文編號：2259476
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