【摘要】：集約化、規(guī)模化養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問(wèn)題,畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染已成為我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)面源的主要污染源之一。本研究主要圍繞畜禽養(yǎng)殖糞污無(wú)害化、資源化處理,以稻殼、鋸末等為主要原料,通過(guò)添加高效菌種,制作發(fā)酵墊料,研究墊料好氧發(fā)酵處理高濃度養(yǎng)殖糞水的工藝參數(shù)和處理效率,為生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用該方法處理高濃度養(yǎng)殖糞水提供數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)。試驗(yàn)一研究堆肥模式中水分的蒸發(fā)效率。試驗(yàn)選取1 m3墊料池一個(gè),添加并混勻墊料、菌種和糞水,控制C/N在30左右,水分含量在65%左右進(jìn)行堆肥試驗(yàn),待溫度升高到55℃以上維持24 h后開(kāi)始試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中每天翻拋,在試驗(yàn)第1 d、3 d、6 d、9 d、12 d取樣測(cè)定含水率,計(jì)算水分蒸發(fā)效率。結(jié)果表明,堆肥模式下水分蒸發(fā)效率為8.1 kg/d·m3。試驗(yàn)二研究墊料好氧發(fā)酵模式水分蒸發(fā)效率。選取三個(gè)2 m*1.2 m*0.8 m共1.92 m3初發(fā)酵成功墊料池,設(shè)定三個(gè)不同糞水處理組,糞水添加量分別為8.5 kg/d、16.8 kg/d、25.2 kg/d,每天翻拋加水,試驗(yàn)前中后期分別采樣測(cè)定發(fā)酵堆體水分蒸發(fā)效率。試驗(yàn)后期補(bǔ)充墊料菌種,繼續(xù)觀察堆體運(yùn)行情況。結(jié)果表明,16.8 kg/d糞水處理組墊料高溫期溫度持續(xù)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng),可以維持70 d,水分蒸發(fā)效率為5.4 kg/d·m3;糞水添加量為8.5 kg/d組,堆體維持時(shí)間短,高溫期能維持42 d,水分蒸發(fā)效率為5 kg/d·m3;糞水添加量為25.2 kg/d組,堆體水分含量升高最快,發(fā)酵后期水分可達(dá)70%,在高溫期維持40 d,堆體平均溫度低于16.8 kg/d組,同時(shí)發(fā)酵后期出現(xiàn)滲濾液,超過(guò)堆體最大處理能力,水分蒸發(fā)效率為7.8 kg/d·m3。分析認(rèn)為糞水添加量為8.7 kg/d·m3時(shí),有最佳的處理效率,水分蒸發(fā)效率為5.4 kg/d·m3。補(bǔ)充墊料菌種后,溫度明顯回升,但維持時(shí)間較短。試驗(yàn)三研究墊料好氧發(fā)酵模式墊料基質(zhì)變化規(guī)律。在試驗(yàn)二條件下,在試驗(yàn)第1 d、7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d、35 d、42 d、49 d、56 d對(duì)角線三點(diǎn)平行取樣,探究墊料基質(zhì)隨發(fā)酵時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律;在試驗(yàn)后期樣品采集完后補(bǔ)充墊料菌種,繼續(xù)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),在補(bǔ)充墊料后第70 d、77 d及84 d取樣,探究補(bǔ)充墊料菌種后堆體利用時(shí)間及墊料基質(zhì)變化。結(jié)果表明,隨著發(fā)酵時(shí)間的持續(xù),C含量明顯下降(P0.01);N含量明顯升高(P0.01);C/N顯著降低(P0.01);P含量顯著升高(P0.01);pH先升高后降低,但始終維持在有利于發(fā)酵的范圍。根據(jù)墊料基礎(chǔ)參數(shù)變化可以推知此次好氧發(fā)酵墊料利用時(shí)間在三個(gè)月左右,同時(shí)高溫發(fā)酵能有效抑制大腸桿菌的活性,補(bǔ)充墊料后可以延緩C/N的下降,延長(zhǎng)堆體發(fā)酵時(shí)間。試驗(yàn)四研究墊料好氧發(fā)酵處理高濃度養(yǎng)殖糞水在生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用效果。以實(shí)際生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用墊料處理為研究對(duì)象,以稻殼、鋸末為墊料,糞水定期加入,定期翻拋。從初發(fā)酵開(kāi)始連續(xù)記錄發(fā)酵過(guò)程溫度變化,發(fā)酵不同時(shí)間采集墊料樣品分析其基礎(chǔ)參數(shù)變化。結(jié)果表明,初發(fā)酵階段升溫迅速,3天即可到達(dá)70℃,30 cm和60 cm處最高溫度可超過(guò)72℃。隨著糞水的持續(xù)加入,墊料高溫維持能力開(kāi)始下降,墊料溫度下降,水分含量持續(xù)升高,連續(xù)使用3個(gè)月墊料水分含量達(dá)到70%,pH從8.8降至6.75,C含量從42%降至40%,N含量從0.47%升至0.74%,C/N從90降至56。墊料基礎(chǔ)參數(shù)表明,管理得當(dāng),控制糞水加入量,發(fā)酵墊料可以繼續(xù)維持發(fā)酵,持續(xù)有效處理養(yǎng)殖糞水,達(dá)到糞水無(wú)害化和資源化處理的目的。綜上所述,通過(guò)墊料好氧發(fā)酵可以有效處理養(yǎng)殖糞水,達(dá)到無(wú)害化、資源化處理的要求,為養(yǎng)殖糞水處理提供了可行的思路。當(dāng)前試驗(yàn)條件下,糞水添加量為8.7 kg/d·m3時(shí),有最佳的處理效率,水分蒸發(fā)效率為5.4 kg/d·m3。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of intensive and large-scale aquaculture has brought serious environmental problems. Animal and poultry breeding pollution has become one of the main non-point sources of agricultural pollution in China. Experiment 1 studied the evaporation efficiency of water in composting model. One of the 1 m3 bedding pools was selected to add and mix the bedding material, bacteria and fecal water. The C/N ratio was controlled at about 30. The composting experiment was carried out at about 65% and started 24 hours after the temperature was above 55 C. The moisture content was measured and the evaporation efficiency was calculated on the first, third, sixth, ninth and twelfth days of the experiment. The results showed that the evaporation efficiency of water under the composting mode was 8.1 kg/d m3. The water evaporation efficiency of the fermentation heap was determined by three 2 m * 1.2 m * 0.8 m initial fermentation bedding ponds with a total of 1.92 m 3. The results show that the 16.8 kg/d fecal water treatment group has the longest temperature duration at high temperature, which can maintain 70 days, and the evaporation efficiency of water is 5.4 kg/d.m3; the fecal water addition group is 8.5 kg/d, which can maintain 42 days at high temperature, and the evaporation efficiency of water is 5 kg/d.m3; the fecal water addition group is 25.2 kg/d, and the water content is 5.4 kg/d.m3. The content of water increased fastest in the late fermentation stage, and reached 70%. The average temperature of the pile was below 16.8 kg/d for 40 days in the high temperature stage. At the same time, leachate appeared in the late fermentation stage, which exceeded the maximum treatment capacity of the pile. The water evaporation efficiency was 7.8 kg/d.m3. 4 kg / d. m3. The temperature of the substrate increased obviously, but the maintenance time was short. Experiment 3 studied the change rule of the substrate in the aerobic fermentation model. After the sample was collected at the end of the experiment, the bacterial strains were added to the bedding, and the samples were taken on the 70th, 77th and 84th days after the bedding. The results showed that the C content decreased significantly (P 0.01), the N content increased significantly (P 0.01), and the C/N content decreased significantly (P 0.01). According to the change of the basic parameters of the mat, it can be inferred that the utilization time of the aerobic fermentation mat is about three months, and the high temperature fermentation can effectively inhibit the activity of E. coli. After supplementing the mat, the decrease of C/N can be delayed and the fermentation in the heap can be prolonged. Experiment 4. Study on the application effect of aerobic fermentation with bedding material in the production of high-concentration cultured manure. Take the actual production and application of bedding material as the research object, with rice husk and sawdust as bedding material, the manure water is added regularly and dumped regularly. The results showed that the temperature in the initial fermentation stage increased rapidly, reaching 70 C in 3 days, and the highest temperature at 30 cm and 60 cm could exceed 72 C. With the continuous addition of manure water, the high temperature maintenance ability of the mat began to decline, the temperature of the mat decreased, and the moisture content continued to increase. The moisture content of the mat reached 70% and the pH decreased from 8.8 to 6. 75, C content decreased from 42% to 40%, N content increased from 0.47% to 0.74%, C/N from 90 to 56. The basic parameters of the mat showed that the mat could keep fermentation under proper management and control the amount of fecal water added. The mat could be used to treat the fecal water continuously and effectively to achieve the purpose of harmless and resource-based treatment. Under the current experimental conditions, when the amount of manure added is 8.7 kg/d.m3, the treatment efficiency is the best, and the water evaporation efficiency is 5.4 kg/d.m3.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X713

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