發(fā)布時間：2018-08-14 13:20

【摘要】：為揭示不同粒徑團聚體坡面濺蝕規(guī)律,以第四紀粘土發(fā)育紅壤為研究對象,通過室內(nèi)人工模擬降雨試驗(雨強75mm/h,歷時45min)研究0.25,0.25~0.5,0.5~1,1~2,2~5mm粒徑團聚體濺蝕規(guī)律,系統(tǒng)分析了降雨條件下各粒徑團聚體破碎、濺蝕率變化、濺蝕搬運量以及濺蝕搬運后的空間分布特征。結(jié)果表明:(1)降雨條件下團聚體粒徑越大越容易破碎,除2~5mm團聚體破碎量高達96.06%外,2mm團聚體破碎量均小于50.00%。(2)0.25mm團聚體濺蝕率具有陡漲陡落特點,表土結(jié)皮發(fā)育迅速;0.25~0.5mm團聚體濺蝕率陡漲緩落,表土泥漿化過程明顯;0.5~5mm團聚體濺蝕率則能保持較長時間增長,隨后降低。(3)不同粒徑團聚體濺蝕總量、上下坡濺蝕量與凈搬運量變化趨勢一致,一次降雨過程中,濺蝕搬運量峰值出現(xiàn)在粒徑0.25~0.5mm范圍內(nèi),而后隨著粒徑的增大逐漸降低。(4)團聚體粒徑越小,濺蝕搬運后的平均重量距離越大,各粒徑團聚體濺蝕量基本全部分布在半徑60cm范圍內(nèi)。研究結(jié)果能為降雨侵蝕防治及侵蝕過程模型提供理論參考。
[Abstract]:In order to reveal the law of splash erosion on slope of aggregates with different particle sizes, the splash erosion rule of 0.25 ~ 0.25 ~ 0.25 ~ 0.55 ~ 0.51 ~ 0.51 ~ 0.51 ~ (1) ~ (?) ~ (2) ~ (2) ~ (2) ~ (2) ~ (5) mm aggregate was studied by simulated rainfall test (75 mm / h, 45min) in the Quaternary clay developed red soil. The fragmentation of aggregates, the variation of splash rate, the amount of splash transport and the spatial distribution of the particles were systematically analyzed under the condition of rainfall. The results are as follows: (1) the larger the aggregate size is, the easier it is to break down under rainfall conditions, except that the fragmentation amount of 2~5mm agglomerates is up to 96.06% and the fragmentation amount of 2 mm aggregates is less than 50.000.The splash erosion rate of 0.25mm aggregates has the characteristics of steep rise and steep fall. The spatter erosion rate of 0.25 ~ 0.5mm agglomerates increases and drops slowly, while the spatter erosion rate of 0.5mm agglomerates increases for a long time and then decreases. (3) the total amount of spatter erosion of aggregates with different particle sizes increases. During a single rainfall, the peak value of splash transport appears in the range of particle size 0.25~0.5mm, and then decreases gradually with the increase of particle size. (4) the smaller the particle size, the smaller the particle size. The larger the average weight distance is, the larger the splashing amount of agglomerates is in the radius 60cm range. The results can provide theoretical reference for rainfall erosion control and erosion process model.
【作者單位】： 華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)水土保持研究中心;沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)水利學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41301285;40901132)
【分類號】：S157.1

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