【摘要】：通過(guò)田間試驗(yàn),研究了基施緩釋尿素占總氮量20%,50%和100%對(duì)棉田土壤無(wú)機(jī)氮分布、積累以及棉花產(chǎn)量、氮素吸收利用及農(nóng)田氮素平衡的影響,明確緩釋尿素能否在滴灌棉花上施用,并探討其施用的適宜基施比例。結(jié)果表明,施用緩釋尿素可顯著提高土壤硝態(tài)氮和銨態(tài)氮含量,其中各緩釋尿素處理的土壤硝態(tài)氮含量較不施氮處理分別提高189.27%、195.58%和112.70%。施肥處理土壤無(wú)機(jī)氮積累量均表現(xiàn)為富集現(xiàn)象,不施氮處理則表現(xiàn)為負(fù)積累效應(yīng)。土壤無(wú)機(jī)氮含量隨基施比例的增加而降低,而土壤氮素表觀損失量和氮素盈余量隨基施比例的增大均為先降后增的趨勢(shì)。棉花產(chǎn)量、氮肥利用率和農(nóng)學(xué)效率均隨緩釋尿素基施比例的增大表現(xiàn)出先增加后降低的趨勢(shì),緩釋尿素是通過(guò)增加棉花單株結(jié)鈴數(shù)或單鈴重來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)的。綜上,本試驗(yàn)條件下,緩釋尿素占總氮量50%作基肥的滴灌棉花產(chǎn)量及氮肥利用率較高,土壤氮素表觀損失量較低。
[Abstract]:The effects of 50% and 100% basal application of slow-release urea on the distribution of inorganic nitrogen, accumulation, yield, nitrogen absorption and utilization and nitrogen balance in cotton field were studied, and it was determined whether slow-release urea could be applied to drip irrigation cotton. The suitable ratio of basal application was discussed. The results showed that the application of slow-release urea could significantly increase the contents of nitrate and ammonium in soil, and the contents of nitrate and ammonium in each slow-release urea treatment were 189.275.58% and 112.70% higher than that of no nitrogen application respectively. The accumulation of inorganic nitrogen in soil under fertilization treatment showed enrichment phenomenon, but the negative accumulation effect was observed in the treatment without nitrogen application. The content of inorganic nitrogen in soil decreased with the increase of the ratio of basal application, while the apparent loss of soil nitrogen and the surplus amount of nitrogen decreased first and then increased with the increase of the ratio of basal application. The yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency and agronomic efficiency of cotton increased first and then decreased with the increase of the proportion of slow-release urea, and the yield was increased by increasing boll number per plant or boll weight per plant. In conclusion, the cotton yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of drip irrigation were higher and the apparent loss of soil nitrogen was lower under the condition of slow release urea accounting for 50% of total nitrogen as base fertilizer.
【作者單位】： 石河子大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院資源與環(huán)境科學(xué)系;新疆心連心能源化工有限公司;
【基金】：國(guó)際科技合作專項(xiàng)(2015DFA11660)
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6;S562

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