【摘要】：采煤塌陷濕地是由于人為采煤活動(dòng)而形成的濕地,陸生環(huán)境在短時(shí)間內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樗h(huán)境,轉(zhuǎn)變后微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)植物組成及其氧化還原條件均發(fā)生變化,進(jìn)而影響土壤中元素遷移轉(zhuǎn)化過程。本文分析了潘北采煤塌陷濕地水體和土壤中氮元素分布規(guī)律和溶解性有機(jī)質(zhì)(DOM)三維熒光特性,研究了淹水培養(yǎng)、好氣培養(yǎng)、去除DOM培養(yǎng)和不同p H值條件下塌陷地土壤氮素礦化過程,并檢測(cè)了淹水培養(yǎng)和好氣培養(yǎng)過程不同階段的細(xì)菌數(shù)量和種類。通過上述研究,得到以下結(jié)論:(1)采煤塌陷水體總氮、硝酸鹽氮和氨氮空間分布較為均勻;各形態(tài)氮元素含量呈明顯的季節(jié)性變化。表層土壤中總氮、銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮空間差異性較大;季節(jié)性積水區(qū)土壤中氮素含量隨時(shí)間減少,而非季節(jié)性性積水區(qū)土壤中氮素含量隨時(shí)間沒有明顯變化規(guī)律。(2)水體DOM分布較為均勻;水體DOM主要組成是類富里酸和類蛋白質(zhì),表明塌陷水體形成時(shí)間較短,污染少。土壤DOM分布不均勻,隨著離塌陷水體邊緣距離的增加,土壤DOM含量增加;塌陷區(qū)土壤DOM主要組成成分為類富里酸,部分土壤含有類蛋白質(zhì),均未檢測(cè)到含有類腐殖酸。(3)在連續(xù)淹水的氮素礦化培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,土壤礦質(zhì)氮含量前期隨時(shí)間呈波動(dòng)變化,后期趨于穩(wěn)定;好氣連續(xù)培養(yǎng)條件下,培養(yǎng)前期土壤礦質(zhì)氮含量較小,40天后含量提高,且高于培養(yǎng)前期。淹水培養(yǎng)礦化氮量明顯高于好氣培養(yǎng),表明土壤淹水過程有利于土壤氮素礦化作用。微生物多樣性變化與礦質(zhì)氮含量變化相符合,淹水前期氨化細(xì)菌呈增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),隨著礦質(zhì)氮的積累,氨化細(xì)菌逐漸減少,硝化細(xì)菌數(shù)量逐漸增多,20天時(shí)細(xì)菌豐度與多樣性指數(shù)均達(dá)到最大值,培養(yǎng)后期,由于土壤氧氣含量減少,硝化細(xì)菌數(shù)量逐漸減小。好氣培養(yǎng)過程中,細(xì)菌數(shù)量呈增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì);氨化細(xì)菌隨著培養(yǎng)時(shí)間的進(jìn)行細(xì)菌數(shù)量先增加后減少;硝化細(xì)菌總體呈增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。淹水培養(yǎng)細(xì)菌數(shù)量大于好氣培養(yǎng),表明淹水培養(yǎng)可以提高土壤細(xì)菌活性,促進(jìn)礦化過程的進(jìn)行。(4)去除DOM條件下,礦質(zhì)氮含量前期呈波動(dòng)變化,后期趨于穩(wěn)定,但礦質(zhì)氮含量小于連續(xù)淹水條件下的礦質(zhì)氮含量,尤其在培養(yǎng)初期表現(xiàn)更為明顯,表明DOM在土壤有機(jī)氮的礦化過程中起著較為重要的作用;(5)p H=4、p H=7、p H=10時(shí),礦質(zhì)氮隨時(shí)間變化規(guī)律相似,均表現(xiàn)波動(dòng)下降趨勢(shì)。p H=7時(shí)礦質(zhì)氮含量高于p H=4、p H=10時(shí),這說明中性條件下適宜氨化微生物的生存。采煤塌陷地土壤p H為6.6-6.8,有利于礦化作用的進(jìn)行。
[Abstract]:Coal mining collapse wetland is a wetland formed by artificial coal mining. The terrestrial environment is transformed into aquatic environment in a short time. The microbial community structure, animal and plant composition and redox conditions are all changed after the transformation. Furthermore, the process of element migration and transformation in soil was affected. In this paper, the distribution of nitrogen elements in water and soil of Panbei coal mining collapse wetland and the three-dimensional fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were analyzed, and the submergence culture and aerobic culture were studied. Removal of DOM culture and nitrogen mineralization process of subsided soil under different pH values were carried out, and the number and species of bacteria in different stages of submerged culture and aerobic culture were detected. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the spatial distribution of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the water body of coal mining collapse is more uniform, and the contents of nitrogen elements in each form show obvious seasonal changes. The spatial difference of total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the surface soil is great, and the nitrogen content in the soil decreases with time in the seasonal hydrological area. However, there was no obvious change of soil nitrogen content with time in non-seasonal hydrops. (2) the distribution of DOM in water was more uniform, and the main composition of DOM in water was fulvic acid and protein-like, which indicated that the formation time of collapsing water was shorter and the pollution was less. The distribution of soil DOM was uneven, and the content of soil DOM increased with the increase of the distance from the edge of the collapsed water body, and the main component of soil DOM in the subsidence area was fulvic acid, and some of the soils contained protein-like proteins. No humic acid was detected. (3) in the experiment of nitrogen mineralization in continuous flooding, the soil mineral nitrogen content fluctuated with time and tended to be stable in the later stage. The content of mineral nitrogen in soil increased after 40 days, and was higher than that in the early stage of culture. The amount of mineralized nitrogen in flooded culture was significantly higher than that in aerobic culture, which indicated that the process of soil flooding was beneficial to the mineralization of soil nitrogen. The variation of microbial diversity coincided with the change of mineral nitrogen content. The ammoniation bacteria showed an increasing trend in the early stage of flooding, and with the accumulation of mineral nitrogen, the ammoniated bacteria gradually decreased. The abundance and diversity index of nitrifying bacteria reached the maximum after 20 days, and the number of nitrifying bacteria decreased gradually because of the decrease of soil oxygen content in the later stage of culture. During aerobic culture, the number of bacteria increased; the number of ammoniated bacteria increased first and then decreased with the time of culture; the total number of nitrifying bacteria increased. The number of bacteria in submerged culture was larger than that in aerobic culture, which indicated that flooding culture could improve the activity of soil bacteria and promote the process of mineralization. (4) under the condition of removing DOM, the contents of mineral nitrogen fluctuated in the early stage and tended to be stable in the later stage. But the content of mineral nitrogen was lower than that of continuous flooding, especially in the early stage of culture, which indicated that DOM played an important role in the mineralization of soil organic nitrogen. The variation of mineral nitrogen with time was similar, showing a decreasing trend of fluctuation. The content of mineral nitrogen of 7 was higher than that of pH 4 p H = 10:00, which indicated that it was suitable for the survival of ammoniated microorganisms under neutral conditions. The soil pH of coal mining subsidence is 6.6-6.8, which is favorable for mineralization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S151.9

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王威;李成;魏自民;何小松;李鳴曉;耿春茂;胡春明;;不同來源水溶性有機(jī)物光譜學(xué)特性研究[J];東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2011年06期

2 郝瑞霞;曹可心;鄧亦文;;三維熒光光譜法表征污水中溶解性有機(jī)污染物[J];分析試驗(yàn)室;2007年10期

3 傅平青;劉叢強(qiáng);吳豐昌;;溶解有機(jī)質(zhì)的三維熒光光譜特征研究[J];光譜學(xué)與光譜分析;2005年12期

4 鐘開新;王亞琴;;植物氮素吸收與轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的研究進(jìn)展[J];廣西植物;2011年03期

5 蔡文良;許曉毅;羅固源;杜嫻;;長(zhǎng)江重慶段溶解性有機(jī)物的熒光特性分析[J];環(huán)境化學(xué);2012年07期

6 張威;張旭東;何紅波;解宏圖;白震;;干濕交替條件下土壤氮素轉(zhuǎn)化及其影響研究進(jìn)展[J];生態(tài)學(xué)雜志;2010年04期

7 喬光建,張均玲,唐俊智;地下水氮污染機(jī)理分析及治理措施[J];水資源保護(hù);2004年03期

8 孫志高;劉景雙;王金達(dá);李新華;楊繼松;;濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土壤氮素礦化過程研究動(dòng)態(tài)[J];土壤通報(bào);2007年01期

9 李生秀,艾紹英,何華;連續(xù)淹水培養(yǎng)條件下土壤氮素的礦化過程[J];西北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);1999年01期

10 巨曉棠,劉學(xué)軍,張福鎖;冬小麥/夏玉米輪作體系中土壤氮素礦化及預(yù)測(cè)[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2003年12期

，

本文編號(hào)：2178819