【摘要】：通過2009~2012年的秸稈還田定位試驗,研究不同用量小麥及玉米秸稈還田對植煙土壤養(yǎng)分及真菌群落多樣性的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:有機質(zhì)及速效養(yǎng)分指標均隨秸稈還田量的增加而增加,且等量玉米秸稈還田效果優(yōu)于小麥秸稈。PCR-DGGE的檢測結(jié)果顯示秸稈還田能一定程度提高土壤真菌群落的多樣性,其中真菌豐度和香濃多樣性指數(shù)隨著玉米秸稈還田量的增加而增加,而小麥秸稈在中量還田時(4500 kg hm~(-2))多樣性最高,且等量玉米秸稈還田在提高真菌多樣性的效果優(yōu)于小麥秸稈。此外,秸稈還田各處理土壤的真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)相似性較高,真菌多樣性相似系數(shù)均大于0.73。特異條帶的測序顯示,與對照相比,小麥秸稈1500 kg hm~(-2)還田處理中,隱囊菌屬真菌(Apanoascus)及毛殼屬真菌(Chaetomium)出現(xiàn),玉米秸稈還田7500 kg hm~(-2)處理,兩種特異性的真菌類群(Uncultured Eukaryote和Fungal sp.CRS567818T-1)出現(xiàn)。且土壤真菌多樣性與土壤有機質(zhì)、全鉀及堿解氮呈顯著正相關(guān)。可見,秸稈還田能夠增加土壤養(yǎng)分含量,提高煙田土壤真菌群落多樣性,這有助于煙草土傳病害控制、煙田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康維護及其可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The effects of wheat and corn straw application on soil nutrients and fungal community diversity of tobacco planting were studied in the experiment of returning straw to the field from 2009 to 2012. The results showed that the indexes of organic matter and available nutrients increased with the increase of straw return. The results showed that the yield of maize straw was better than that of wheat straw. PCR-DGGE showed that straw returning could improve the diversity of soil fungal community to some extent, and the fungal abundance and aroma diversity index increased with the increase of corn straw return. The diversity of wheat straw (4500 kg hm ~ (-2) was the highest when the medium amount of wheat straw was returned to the field, and the effect of the same amount of corn straw returning to the field was better than that of wheat straw in improving the fungal diversity. In addition, the similarity of fungal community structure was higher and the similarity coefficient of fungal diversity was higher than 0.73. The sequencing of specific bands showed that, compared with the control, two specific fungi groups, (Uncultured Eukaryote and Fungal sp.CRS567818T-1, were found in the treatment of wheat straw returning to the field with 1500 kg hm ~ (-2), (Apanoascus) and (Chaetomium), and 7500 kg hm ~ (-2) of corn straw. There was a significant positive correlation between soil fungal diversity and soil organic matter, total potassium and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. It can be seen that returning straw to soil can increase soil nutrient content and improve the diversity of soil fungal community in tobacco field, which is helpful to the control of tobacco soil-borne diseases, the healthy maintenance and sustainable development of tobacco ecosystem.
【作者單位】： 中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院煙草研究所農(nóng)業(yè)部煙草生物學與加工重點實驗室;中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院研究生院;山東中煙工業(yè)有限公司青州卷煙廠;山東濰坊煙草有限公司諸城市分公司;
【基金】：中國煙草總公司山東省公司科技項目(201002) 國家自然科學基金項目(41201291)資助
【分類號】：S572;S141.4

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