【摘要】：土壤鹽堿化問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為全球農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的制約因素。本研究通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬脅迫試驗(yàn)和大田試驗(yàn)兩部分,探究新型鹽堿地土壤改良劑乙酰化葡萄糖對(duì)鹽堿土理化性質(zhì)及作物生長(zhǎng)的影響,為今后山西省鹽堿地的改良提供理論依據(jù)。第一部分是實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬堿脅迫實(shí)驗(yàn),用添加不同劑量乙酰化葡萄糖的鹽堿培養(yǎng)液對(duì)小麥品種“山農(nóng)129”進(jìn)行堿脅迫處理,測(cè)定小麥幼苗生態(tài)及生理指標(biāo),揭示乙�；咸烟菍�(duì)堿脅迫下小麥幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響機(jī)制。結(jié)果表明,堿脅迫會(huì)嚴(yán)重抑制小麥幼苗的生長(zhǎng),幼苗株高與根長(zhǎng)分別降低了28.5%和80.0%。乙酰化葡萄糖可以顯著改善幼苗生長(zhǎng),提高幼苗光合作用,緩解幼苗質(zhì)膜的氧化。加入乙�；咸烟呛笮←溣酌绲闹旮吆椭曛乇葘�(duì)照增加了30.5%和13.4%,主根長(zhǎng)與根干重分別是對(duì)照的2.55和1.72倍,幼苗根冠比降低64.6%；幼苗葉綠素a和葉綠素a/b比對(duì)照增加了14.6%和28.6%,而葉綠素b降低了11.0%；幼苗中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量比對(duì)照分別增加了14.4%和31.5%；幼苗丙二醛含量和質(zhì)膜的相對(duì)電導(dǎo)率分別降低29.3%和29.1%,超氧化物歧化酶活性和過(guò)氧化物酶活性比對(duì)照分別增強(qiáng)了54.9%和21.6%。第二部分對(duì)山西省懷仁和山陰縣蘇打鹽堿地進(jìn)行改良,添加不同劑量的改良劑,測(cè)定土壤的主要理化性質(zhì)及玉米生態(tài)性狀,探究新型鹽堿地土壤改良劑乙酰化葡萄糖對(duì)鹽堿土的改良效果及機(jī)制。結(jié)果表明土壤添加鹽堿地改良劑后,土壤pH比對(duì)照下降0.78,土壤SAR、CO32-和HC03-與對(duì)照相比分別降低了62.5%和47.6%；土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)和有效鉀含量比對(duì)照分別增加36.7%和55.6%,土壤肥力得到顯著提高；玉米成活率、株高、莖粗和葉綠素比對(duì)照增加43.9%、29.4 cm、16.3%和9.8%,玉米穗長(zhǎng)、穗重、每穗結(jié)實(shí)數(shù)以及百粒重分別比對(duì)照增加4.6%、41.1%、49.9%和29.9%,玉米產(chǎn)量增加了51.9%。60kg/畝乙�；咸烟强梢杂行Ц牧见}堿地,60 kg/畝乙酰化葡萄糖與豬糞或牛糞混合改良鹽堿地可以達(dá)到更好的效果。因此,新型鹽堿地土壤改良劑乙�；咸烟强梢杂行Ц牧忌轿魈K打鹽型鹽堿地,本研究為山西省鹽堿地的改良提供重要理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Soil salinization has become a restriction factor for the sustainable development of agriculture in the world. In this study, the effects of acetylated glucose on the physicochemical properties and crop growth of saline-alkali soil were investigated in laboratory simulation stress test and field experiment, which provided theoretical basis for the future improvement of saline-alkali soil in Shanxi Province. The first part is the laboratory simulation of alkali stress experiment. The wheat variety "Shannong 129" was treated with saline-alkali culture medium with different doses of acetylated glucose, and the ecological and physiological indexes of wheat seedling were measured. The effects of acetylated glucose on the growth of wheat seedlings under alkali stress were revealed. The results showed that the growth of wheat seedlings was seriously inhibited by alkali stress, and the seedling height and root length were decreased by 28.5% and 80.0%, respectively. Glucose acetylated can significantly improve seedling growth, increase photosynthesis and alleviate the oxidation of plasma membrane. After adding acetylated glucose, the plant height and plant weight of wheat seedlings increased by 30.5% and 13.4%, the main root length and root dry weight were 2.55 and 1.72 times of the control, respectively, and the root-shoot ratio of the seedlings decreased by 64.6%. The contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a / b in seedlings increased by 14.6% and 28.6b, while chlorophyll b decreased by 11.0.The contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in seedlings increased by 14.4% and 31.5%, respectively. The content of malondialdehyde and the relative conductivity of plasma membrane decreased by 29.3% and 29.1%, respectively, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased by 54.9% and 21.6%, respectively. In the second part, the soil was improved in Huairen County and Shanyin County, Shanxi Province, and the main physical and chemical properties of soil and the ecological characters of maize were determined by adding different dosage of improver. To explore the improvement effect and mechanism of a new soil improver, glucose acetylated, on saline-alkali soil. The results showed that the soil pH decreased 0.78, the soil SARCO32- and HC03- decreased by 62.5% and 47.6%, the contents of organic matter and available potassium increased by 36.7% and 55.6%, respectively. The survival rate, plant height, stem diameter and chlorophyll content of maize were increased by 29.4 cm ~ (16. 3%) and 9.8%, respectively. The yield of corn increased by 49.9% and 29.9%, respectively, and the yield of corn increased 51.9%.60kg/ mu acetylated glucose, which could effectively improve the saline-alkali land with mixed glucose of 60 kg/ mu and pig manure or cow manure. Therefore, the new soil improver, glucose acetylated, can effectively improve the saline-alkali soil of soda type in Shanxi Province. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the improvement of saline-alkali soil in Shanxi Province.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S156.4

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