發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-08 21:12

  本文選題：依賴植物密度的捕食 + 捕食行為　； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：煙盲蝽(Nesidiocoris tenuis)是一種以肉食為主兼食植物的雜食性昆蟲,由于煙盲蝽對(duì)微小體型害蟲具有較好的控制作用,常作為優(yōu)良天敵用于溫室害蟲的生物防治;若干研究表明,雜食性盲蝽在作物大田中對(duì)害蟲也具有較強(qiáng)的控制作用。迄今,煙盲蝽捕食桃蚜(Myzus persicae)、溫室白粉虱(Trialeurodes aporariorum)、斜紋夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)低齡幼蟲和小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)幼蟲等害蟲的功能反應(yīng)已有研究,且發(fā)現(xiàn)均符合Holling Ⅱ型模型。但這些研究存在兩點(diǎn)不足:一是均在封閉的小型容器(如培養(yǎng)皿)中進(jìn)行試驗(yàn);二是數(shù)據(jù)分析中所采用的Holling Ⅱ圓盤方程的假定與試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)不符,該方程假定獵物密度水平始終一樣,而試驗(yàn)在觀察期(如:24h)內(nèi)均不能及時(shí)補(bǔ)充獵物使獵物密度始終保持一樣。本試驗(yàn)以煙草(Nicotiana tαbacum)和番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)為盆栽寄主植物,以斜紋夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)低齡幼蟲和煙粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)為獵物,觀察煙盲蝽的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和捕食作用。論文研究獲得如下結(jié)果和結(jié)論。1、斜紋夜蛾幼蟲和植物對(duì)煙盲蝽生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的影響采用非選擇性飼喂試驗(yàn),研究了斜紋夜蛾幼蟲(有、無(wú))和植物(番茄和煙草)食物對(duì)于煙盲椿生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,在沒(méi)有斜紋夜蛾幼蟲食物的情況下,煙盲蝽僅取食番茄或煙草只能發(fā)育到3齡或4齡;而在有斜紋夜蛾幼蟲食物的情況下,煙盲蝽可以順利發(fā)育到成蟲,煙盲蝽若蟲發(fā)育歷期、存活率、成蟲羽化率和性比在取食番茄與煙草食物之間沒(méi)有顯著差異,但取食煙草的子代雌成蟲體型大于取食番茄的雌蟲。研究結(jié)果說(shuō)明,不同植物食物可影響煙盲蝽個(gè)體發(fā)育表現(xiàn)。2、煙盲蝽在煙草和番茄上對(duì)斜紋夜蛾幼蟲和煙粉虱的捕食作用利用盆栽植物作為小生境,研究了煙盲蝽在煙草和番茄上對(duì)斜紋夜蛾低齡幼蟲和煙粉虱的捕食效應(yīng)。采用Holling-Ⅱ型功能反應(yīng)模型估計(jì)功能反應(yīng)模型參數(shù)。為揭示功能反應(yīng)中的處理時(shí)間,對(duì)煙盲蝽的捕食行為進(jìn)行了跟蹤觀察,對(duì)觀察數(shù)據(jù)用廣義線性模型擬合,以獲得實(shí)際捕食參數(shù),以此同由功能反應(yīng)模型估計(jì)出的參數(shù)進(jìn)行了比較。結(jié)果表明,煙盲蝽在煙草和番茄上對(duì)斜紋夜蛾低齡幼蟲和煙粉虱的捕食均符合Holling-Ⅱ型功能反應(yīng)模型,在相同獵物密度下其在煙草上的捕食獵物數(shù)量多于在番茄上的,而在相同植物上其對(duì)斜紋夜蛾幼蟲的捕食數(shù)量多于對(duì)煙粉虱的捕食數(shù)量。通過(guò)對(duì)功能反應(yīng)中處理時(shí)間的直接觀察,定量描述了獵物處理時(shí)間和獵物密度呈負(fù)相關(guān),修正了通用的功能反應(yīng)模型的處理時(shí)間,更確切地估計(jì)了煙盲蝽對(duì)斜紋夜蛾的捕食作用。3、煙盲蝽在煙草和番茄上捕食斜紋夜蛾幼蟲和煙粉虱的干擾效應(yīng)利用盆栽植物作為小生境,研究了煙盲蝽在煙草和番茄上捕食斜紋夜蛾幼蟲和煙粉虱的干擾效應(yīng)。采用Hassell提出的E=QP-m估計(jì)搜尋常數(shù)和干擾系數(shù)。結(jié)果表明,煙盲蝽對(duì)煙粉虱的搜尋系數(shù)大于對(duì)斜紋夜蛾幼蟲的;在煙草上的干擾系數(shù)大于在番茄上的。
[Abstract]:Nesidiocoris tenuis is a kind of omnivorous insect with meat as the main food and plant. Because the tobacco bug has a good control effect on small body pests, it is often used as a good natural enemy for the biological control of the greenhouse pests. Now, the fume bug preys on the Myzus persicae, the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes aporariorum), the low age larva of the Spodoptera litura (Spodoptera litura) and the larva of the Plutella xylostella (Plutella xylostella), which are all in line with the Holling type II model. But there are two shortcomings in these studies: one is closed. A small container (such as a Petri dish) is tested; two is the assumption that the Holling II disk equation used in data analysis does not agree with the experimental design, which assumes that the level of prey density is always the same, and that the test in the observation period (such as: 24h) can not supplement the prey in time to keep the prey density the same. This test is based on tobacco (Nicotiana T). Alpha bacum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were potted host plants. The growth and predation of tobacco bugs were observed with the low age larvae of Spodoptera litura and Bemisia tabaci (Bemisia tabaci) as prey. The following results and conclusions were obtained and concluded that the effects of the larvae and plants on the growth and development of the smoke bug were adopted. The effects of the larvae (there, no) and plants (tomato and tobacco) on the growth and development of tobacco blindness were studied in a non selective feeding test. The results showed that, in the absence of the larvae of the Spodoptera Spodoptera, only tomato or tobacco could only be fed to 3 or 4 years of age, while the food of the Spodoptera Spodoptera larva was in the case of food. At the same time, the tobacco bug can develop successfully to the adult. The survival rate, the survival rate, the survival rate, the adult emergence rate and the sex ratio are not significantly different between the feeding tomato and the tobacco food, but the adult female adults who eat tobacco are larger than those of the edible tomato. The results show that different plant foods can affect the individual development of the tobacco bug. 2, the predation effect of the bugs on the larvae and the whitefly of the tobacco and tomatoes on the larvae of the Spodoptera Spodoptera and Bemisia tabaci was used as a niche to study the predation effects of the tobacco bugs on the young larvae of the Spodoptera litura and Bemisia tabaci on tobacco and tomatoes. The functional response model was used to estimate the functional response model parameters using the Holling- type II functional response model. The predation behavior of the tobacco bug was observed and the observation data were fitted with the generalized linear model to obtain the actual predation parameters. The results were compared with the parameters estimated by the functional response model. The results showed that the predation of the tobacco and tomato bugs on the low age larvae of the Spodoptera Spodoptera and the Bemisia tabaci were both in tobacco and tomato. In accordance with the Holling- model II functional response model, the number of preys on the tobacco is more than that on tomatoes at the same prey density, while the number of preys on the larvae of the Spodoptera Spodoptera is more than that on the number of Bemisia tabaci on the same plant. A negative correlation was found between the interval and the density of the prey, the processing time of the general functional response model was corrected, and the predation effect of the smoky bug on the Spodoptera litura was more accurate. The interference effects of the tobacco and tomato bugs on the tobacco and tomatoes on the larvae of the Spodoptera Spodoptera and the bacon tabaci were used as a niche, and the tobacco and tomato plants were studied in the tobacco and tomato plants. The interference effect of preying on the larvae of Spodoptera Spodoptera and whitefly Bemisia tabaci was carried out. The E=QP-m search constant and interference coefficient proposed by Hassell were used. The results showed that the searching coefficient of the bugs was greater than that of the larvae of the Spodoptera Spodoptera, and the interference coefficient on tobacco was greater than that on the tomato.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S476.2

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