本文選題：施肥 + 稻田�。� 參考：《浙江大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：膠體磷是磷素賦存的重要形態(tài),廣泛存在于多種環(huán)境介質中。土壤膠體磷是土壤磷庫的重要構成部分,受到土壤理化性質、施肥、降雨、植被根系等多種因素影響。本文收集查閱了有關土壤膠體磷的文獻資料,并對土壤膠體磷的釋放及影響因素進行歸納總結。通過田間試驗開展膠體磷在稻田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的賦存、釋放、遷移、變化規(guī)律研究。對比分析不同施肥處理下稻田田面水中磷素粒徑組成,無機磷與有機磷含量變化。探究稻田排水中膠體態(tài)元素的含量特征及相互關系,各粒級磷的活性強度。研究施肥對土壤剖面全磷、水提取態(tài)膠體釋放量、膠體磷與溶解態(tài)磷含量的影響。通過此研究全面認識稻田系統(tǒng)環(huán)境中土壤膠體磷的釋放及運移情況,主要得到以下結論：1.施肥促使稻田田面水總磷濃度迅速達到峰值,在第一周下降最快,后期穩(wěn)定在0.12mg P/L以下；稻田田面水前期以溶解態(tài)磷形式為主,后期顆粒態(tài)磷占主要,膠體磷約占總磷的7%～18%,相對穩(wěn)定存在,而有機肥施用增加了顆粒態(tài)磷和膠體態(tài)磷的比重；膠體磷含量小,且受施肥、吸附作用等因素影響,膠體無機磷及有機磷構成不穩(wěn)定；利用擬合曲線可有效預測田面水中磷負荷的變化。2.稻田徑流磷流失受施肥、降雨影響,顆粒態(tài)磷占到了總磷的50%以上,膠體磷濃度最低,一般在0.01～0.02 mg P/L之間；有機肥的施用分別增加了顆粒態(tài)磷6.0%和膠體磷29.4%的輸出；膠體磷、膠體鐵、膠體鋁、膠體總有機碳之間存在一定的正相關性；各粒級磷活性強度為：顆粒態(tài)磷膠體磷溶解態(tài)磷。3.施肥對土壤磷含量的影響主要集中在0-30 cm的土層,長期過量施肥容易造成土壤磷素積累,增加磷素流失風險；土壤膠體釋放量隨土壤深度的增加而增加,有機肥處理下膠體釋放量增加,而水稻淹水處理使土壤上層膠體釋放量顯著減少；土壤膠體磷含量約占全磷的0.1%～2.0%,但在土壤膠體溶液(1μm)總磷中占85%以上,有機肥對膠體磷的影響較無機肥顯著；水稻種植前后剖面土壤膠體釋放量和膠體磷的變化,表明了淹水處理下膠體磷可能存在的縱向遷移；油菜收割后的土壤剖面膠體磷以無機磷為主,水稻收割后各施肥處理表層土壤膠體磷中無機磷和有機磷之間并無差異,溶解態(tài)磷隨施肥量的增加而增加。
[Abstract]:Colloidal phosphorus is an important form of phosphorus, which widely exists in many environmental media. Soil colloidal phosphorus is an important component of soil phosphorus pool, which is affected by soil physical and chemical properties, fertilization, rainfall, vegetation roots and other factors. In this paper, the literature about soil colloidal phosphorus was collected and reviewed, and the release of soil colloidal phosphorus and its influencing factors were summarized. Through field experiments, the occurrence, release, migration and variation of colloidal phosphorus in paddy ecosystem were studied. The changes of P particle size composition, inorganic phosphorus and organophosphorus contents in paddy field surface water under different fertilization treatments were compared and analyzed. The content and relationship of colloidal elements in paddy drainage and the activity intensity of phosphorus in each grain were studied. The effects of fertilization on total phosphorus in soil profile, the amount of colloid released from water extract, and the contents of colloidal phosphorus and dissolved phosphorus were studied. Through this study, the release and transport of soil colloidal phosphorus in paddy system environment were fully understood, and the following conclusions were obtained: 1. Fertilization promoted the concentration of total phosphorus in the surface water of paddy field to reach the peak rapidly, which decreased fastest in the first week, and stabilized below 0.12mg P / L in the later stage, and dissolved phosphorus was the main form in the early stage of rice field surface water, and the granular phosphorus was the main one in the later stage. Colloidal phosphorus accounts for about 718% of total phosphorus, which is relatively stable, while organic fertilizer application increases the proportion of granular phosphorus and colloidal phosphorus, colloidal phosphorus content is small, and affected by fertilization, adsorption and other factors, colloidal inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus constitute unstable. The fitting curve can be used to predict the change of phosphorus load in surface water. The loss of phosphorus in runoff was affected by fertilization and rainfall, the particle phosphorus accounted for more than 50% of total phosphorus, and the concentration of colloidal phosphorus was the lowest, generally in the range of 0.01 ~ 0.02 mg P / L. the application of organic fertilizer increased the output of particulate phosphorus by 6.0% and colloidal phosphorus by 29.4%, respectively. There was a positive correlation among colloidal phosphorus, colloidal iron, colloidal aluminum and total colloidal organic carbon. The effect of fertilization on soil phosphorus content was mainly concentrated in the soil layer of 0-30 cm. Long-term excessive fertilization would easily lead to the accumulation of phosphorus in soil and increase the risk of phosphorus loss, and the amount of soil colloid release would increase with the increase of soil depth. Under organic fertilizer treatment, colloid release increased, but rice flooded treatment significantly decreased the colloid release, soil colloidal phosphorus accounted for about 0.1% of total phosphorus, but accounted for more than 85% of total phosphorus in soil colloid solution (1 渭 m). The effect of organic fertilizer on colloidal phosphorus was more significant than that of inorganic fertilizer, and the changes of soil colloid release and colloidal phosphorus before and after rice cultivation indicated the possible vertical migration of colloidal phosphorus under flooding treatment. Inorganic phosphorus was the main colloidal phosphorus in soil profile after rape harvest, but there was no difference between inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus in surface soil after rice harvest. Dissolved phosphorus increased with the increase of fertilization amount.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S511;S153.6

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