本文選題：解磷菌肥 + 不同復(fù)墾年限��； 參考：《山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文通過(guò)田間小區(qū)試驗(yàn)研究了三種肥料配施對(duì)復(fù)墾一年和復(fù)墾六年土壤的有效磷、全磷、堿性磷酸酶、Hedley磷形態(tài)和磷的吸附解吸性能以及玉米產(chǎn)量的影響,結(jié)論如下：(1)玉米成熟期不同施肥處理中,復(fù)墾六年下晨雨復(fù)合肥+腐熟雞糞+解磷菌肥處理較對(duì)照處理土壤有效磷含量提高最大,提高了490.3%,分別比晨雨復(fù)合肥、晨雨復(fù)合肥+解磷菌肥處理提高了50.8%、40.7%,且處理間具有顯著性差異；而復(fù)墾六年土壤有效磷含量比復(fù)墾一年提高了43.9%-233.6%,隨著復(fù)墾年限的增加土壤有效磷含量也不斷增加,其中晨雨復(fù)合肥+腐熟雞糞處理下復(fù)墾土壤有效磷含量的增加最多。(2)玉米成熟期不同施肥處理中,復(fù)墾一年和復(fù)墾六年下晨雨復(fù)合肥處理較對(duì)照處理土壤的全磷含量最大,分別為429.0mg/kg、646.7mg/kg,均高于其它處理;各施肥處理復(fù)墾六年土壤全磷含量比復(fù)墾一年提高了37.2%-52.0%,說(shuō)明土壤全磷含量隨著復(fù)墾年限的增加而增加,其中晨雨復(fù)合肥+解磷菌肥處理下復(fù)墾土壤全磷含量的增加最多。(3)玉米成熟期不同施肥處理中,復(fù)墾六年下晨雨復(fù)合肥+腐熟雞糞+解磷菌肥處理較對(duì)照處理土壤堿性磷酸酶活性提高了61.1%,對(duì)提高土壤中的堿性磷酸酶活性較為優(yōu)越,該處理比相應(yīng)未施解磷菌肥的處理提高了10.1%,其效果最好。表明增施解磷菌肥對(duì)復(fù)墾土壤的堿性磷酸酶活性有一定的積極作用。而復(fù)墾六年土壤堿性磷酸酶活性比復(fù)墾一年提高了27.6%-98.5%,其中晨雨復(fù)合肥處理下復(fù)墾土壤堿性磷酸酶活性的增加最多。(4)通過(guò)在復(fù)墾一年和復(fù)墾六年土壤上進(jìn)行7種不同的施肥處理來(lái)研究土壤各形態(tài)磷的影響,采用修正的Hedley磷分級(jí)法分析測(cè)定了玉米成熟期不同復(fù)墾年限玉米土壤的9種不同的磷素形態(tài)。結(jié)果表明：復(fù)墾土壤中9種不同形態(tài)的磷素含量,通過(guò)不同施肥處理使其影響效果不同。不同施肥處理復(fù)墾一年土壤,腐熟雞糞+解磷菌肥處理對(duì)H2O-Po、H2O-Pi、NaHCO3-Po、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOH-Po、NaOH-Pi、HCl-Po含量提高最大,而晨雨復(fù)合肥處理對(duì)HCl-Pi含量提高最大。不同施肥處理復(fù)墾六年土壤中,晨雨復(fù)合肥+腐熟雞糞+解磷菌肥處理對(duì)H2O-Pi、NaOH-Po含量提高最大,腐熟雞糞+解磷菌肥處理對(duì)H2O-Po、NaHCO3-Po、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOH-Pi含量提高最大,晨雨復(fù)合肥處理對(duì)HCl-Po、HCl-Pi、殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)-P含量提高最大。而復(fù)墾六年土壤中,施用解磷菌肥的3個(gè)處理與未施用解磷菌肥處理相比,腐熟雞糞+解磷菌肥處理對(duì)H2O-Po、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOH-Po、NaOH-Pi的效果最好,分別提高了8.9%、4.9%、13.0%、5.8%;晨雨復(fù)合肥+腐熟雞糞+解磷菌肥處理對(duì)H2O-Pi、NaHCO3-Po的效果最好,分別提高了2.7%、4.6%。各施肥處理復(fù)墾六年與復(fù)墾一年整體相比,Hedley磷分級(jí)各形態(tài)含量均提高,說(shuō)明隨著復(fù)墾年限的增加,各施肥處理磷的各形態(tài)含量也在增加。(5)對(duì)復(fù)墾一年和復(fù)墾六年土壤的磷吸附應(yīng)用Langmuir方程進(jìn)行擬合,各施肥處理的相關(guān)系數(shù)均達(dá)極顯著水平,復(fù)墾一年和復(fù)墾六年的土壤最大吸磷量分別在758.54-892.72mg/kg、382.00-583.33mg/kg之間,磷的最大吸附特性值(MBC)分別在70.04-113.67mL/g、22.63-56.06mL/g之間,土壤對(duì)磷的吸附能力均較強(qiáng),其中晨雨復(fù)合肥+腐熟雞糞+解磷菌肥處理的配合施用較其他施肥處理顯著降低了土壤對(duì)磷吸附的能級(jí)。對(duì)于不同施肥處理復(fù)墾一年和復(fù)墾六年土壤的磷吸附量都隨著土壤磷初始濃度的增加而增加,而土壤的磷解吸量也與土壤磷吸附量呈正相關(guān)。施用解磷菌肥的3個(gè)處理比未施解磷菌肥處理土壤磷吸附量小,而土壤磷解吸量大,試驗(yàn)表明施用解磷菌肥降低了土壤的吸附能力,而對(duì)土壤磷的解吸具有積極的促進(jìn)作用。(6)不同施肥處理復(fù)墾六年土壤中腐熟雞糞+解磷菌肥處理玉米產(chǎn)量604.01kg/畝,該處理對(duì)玉米增產(chǎn)較顯著。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the effects of three fertilizers on the effective phosphorus, total phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, Hedley phosphorus form and the adsorption desorption performance of phosphorus and the effect of maize yield were studied by the field plot experiment. The conclusions were as follows: (1) in the different fertilization treatment of Maize at maturity, the morning rain compound fertilizer + decayed chicken manure + was reclaimed for six years. Compared with the control treatment, the soil effective phosphorus content increased by 490.3%, which was higher than the morning rain compound fertilizer, the morning rain compound fertilizer and the phosphate solubilizing fertilizer treatment increased by 50.8%, 40.7%, and there was a significant difference between the treatment and the treatment. While the soil effective phosphorus content of the soil was increased by 43.9%-233.6% in six years, with the increase of reclaimed years. The content of available P in soil is also increasing, among which the content of effective P in soil under the treatment of morning rain compound fertilizer + decayed chicken manure is the most. (2) the total phosphorus content of soil is the largest in the year of reclaimed and six years of reclaimed soil, which is higher than that of the control soil, which is 429.0mg/kg and 646.7mg/kg, respectively. Other treatments, the total phosphorus content of soil in six years of fertilization treatment increased by 37.2%-52.0%, indicating that the total phosphorus content of soil increased with the increase of reclaimed years, in which the content of total phosphorus in the reclaimed soil increased by the morning rain compound fertilizer + phosphate solubilizing fertilizer treatment. (3) the morning rain of six years was reclaimed for six years in different fertilization treatments for the maturing period of jade rice. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in soil was increased by 61.1%, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in soil was better than that of the control treatment. The treatment was 10.1% better than that of the corresponding phosphate fertilizer. The results showed that the alkaline phosphatase activity of the soil was increased by adding phosphate solubilizing fertilizer. The soil alkaline phosphatase activity increased by 27.6%-98.5% in six years, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the reclaimed soil was increased by the morning rain compound fertilizer. (4) the effects of phosphorus on soil forms were studied by 7 different fertilizer treatments on the soil of reclamation for one year and six years of reclamation. The modified Hedley phosphorus classification method was used to determine 9 different phosphorus forms of Maize Soil in different reclaimed years in maize. The results showed that the effect of 9 different forms of phosphorus content in the reclaimed soil was different by different fertilization treatments. Different fertilization treatments were used to reclaim soil for one year, decayed chicken manure and phosphate solubilizing fertilizer treatment to H The content of 2O-Po, H2O-Pi, NaHCO3-Po, NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Po, NaOH-Pi, HCl-Po has the greatest improvement, while the morning rain compound fertilizer treatment improves the HCl-Pi content most. In the six year soil, the morning rain compound fertilizer + decayed chicken manure + phosphate solubilizing bacterial fertilizer treatment improves the H2O-Pi, the NaOH-Po content is the greatest, the rotten chicken manure + phosphate solubilizing fertilizer treatment to H2O-Po, NaHCO3-Po. The content of NaHCO3-Pi and NaOH-Pi increased most. The content of HCl-Po, HCl-Pi and residue -P in the morning rain compound fertilizer treatment was the greatest. In the six year reclaimed soil, 3 treatments of phosphate solubilizing fertilizer were better than the treatment of non phosphate fertilizer treatment. The effects of decayed chicken manure and phosphate solubilizing fertilizer treatment on H2O-Po, NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Po and NaOH-Pi were best, and 8.9% increased respectively. 4.9%, 13%, 5.8%, the effect of morning rain compound fertilizer + decayed chicken manure + phosphate solubilizing fertilizer treatment on H2O-Pi, NaHCO3-Po was the best, increased by 2.7%. Compared with the whole reclamation for six years for six years, each form content of Hedley phosphorus classification increased, indicating that each form of phosphorus content of each fertilizer treatment increased with the increase of reclaimed years. (5) to fit the Langmuir equation for the application of phosphorus adsorption on soil for one year and six years of reclamation, the correlation coefficient of each fertilizer treatment reached a very significant level. The maximum phosphorus uptake of the soil for one year and six years of reclamation was 758.54-892.72mg/kg and 382.00-583.33mg/kg respectively, and the maximum adsorption characteristic value of phosphorus (MBC) was in 70.04-113.67mL, respectively. The adsorption capacity of soil to phosphorus was strong between /g and 22.63-56.06mL/g, in which the combined application of morning rain compound fertilizer + decayed chicken manure + phosphate solubilizing fertilizer treatment significantly reduced the level of soil phosphorus adsorption. The phosphorus adsorption of soil for one year reclaimed and reclaimed for six years with different fertilizer treatments were all along with the initial concentration of soil phosphorus. The amount of phosphorus desorption in soil was also positively correlated with the amount of phosphorus adsorption in soil. The 3 treatments used for phosphate solubilizing fertilizer were smaller than that of the unphosphate fertilizer treatment soil, and the soil phosphorus adsorption capacity was large. The experiment showed that the application of phosphate solubilizing fertilizer reduced the adsorption capacity of soil, and had a positive effect on the desorption of soil phosphorus. (6) The yield of Maize Treated with decomposed chicken manure + phosphate solubilizing bacteria fertilizer in the soil for six years after reclamation was 604.01kg/ mu.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S513;S153.6

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