本文選題：造紙廢水灌溉 + 濕地土壤��； 參考：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于全球氣候不斷變暖和工業(yè)化程度的提高,濕地面積呈現(xiàn)不斷縮減狀態(tài)。遼河口濕地面臨嚴峻的水資源短缺問題,同時地下水補給條件差,天然降水不夠,位于濕地內(nèi)部的造紙廠沿河分布,廢水流經(jīng)濕地,且廢水排放量大,濕地廢水灌溉不可避免。為研究不同土層及不同生育期濕地土壤特性的變化,分析長期廢水灌溉條件下濕地土壤中各指標含量的遷移特征。利用小試裝置模擬遼河口天然蘆葦濕地,采用CODcr濃度分別為50mg·L-1、175mg·L-1、300mg·L-1的造紙廢水,分別在不同生育期(出苗期、展葉期、拔節(jié)期、抽穗開花期和成熟期)進行灌溉,以2009年土壤容重、孔隙度、有機質(zhì)、總氮、總磷及重金屬等含量為基底值,從2009年～2015年,每年進行灌溉,測定經(jīng)過長期灌溉后2015年土壤容重、孔隙度、有機質(zhì)、總氮、總磷及重金屬等含量,分析2009年～2015年各含量的比值。主要的研究結(jié)果如下:(1)經(jīng)過長期灌溉不同質(zhì)量濃度的造紙廢水后,容重隨土層深度的增加,容重不斷減少�？紫抖入S著土層深度的增加,孔隙度呈不斷減少的趨勢。長期灌溉不同濃度造紙廢水后,土壤容重變化趨勢隨廢水灌溉質(zhì)量濃度增加,土壤容重逐漸減少。在蘆葦不同生育期灌溉不同濃度的造紙廢水,土壤孔隙度隨著土層深度的增加,孔隙度不斷減小,在0～5cm 土層孔隙度達到最大值。質(zhì)量濃度為300mg·L-1處理時,土壤孔隙度變化最大,175mg·L-1處理時變化量最小。(2)經(jīng)過長期灌溉不同質(zhì)量濃度的造紙廢水后,對土壤有機質(zhì)含量及變化量的影響,在土壤表層中有機質(zhì)含量最高為5.01%。相反底層土壤有機質(zhì)變化量增長率最高為1.88%。蘆葦不同生育期灌溉不同濃度的造紙廢水,在0～5cm 土層,質(zhì)量濃度為300mg·L-1處理時,土壤有機質(zhì)含量增長率最高為3.97%。而蘆葦處在展葉期時,質(zhì)量濃度為50mg·L-1處理時,在0～5cm 土層有機質(zhì)含量增長率最高為3.62%。抽穗開花期時土壤中有機質(zhì)含量積累較多,此時蘆葦對有機質(zhì)的吸量較少,使大量有機質(zhì)積累在土壤中。(3)經(jīng)過長期灌溉不同質(zhì)量濃度的造紙廢水后,在蘆葦不同生育期時,土壤中總磷在0～5cm 土層中含量最大為0.75g·kg-1。質(zhì)量濃度為300mg·L-1處理總磷含量最大,質(zhì)量濃度為50mg·L-1處理總磷含量最小。土壤中總氮含量隨生育期呈現(xiàn)規(guī)律為:出苗期抽穗開花期展葉期成熟期快速生長期。土壤中總氮變化量隨灌溉質(zhì)量濃度不同,沒有很好的規(guī)律可循,但隨土層深度的增加,土壤中總氮變化量逐漸減少。(4)經(jīng)過長期灌溉不同質(zhì)量濃度的造紙廢水后,土壤中鉛離子在5～10cm 土層中含量最大為62.39mg·kg-1,在40～60 土層中含量最小為45.63mg·kg-1。結(jié)果表明,中上層土壤鉛離子含量大于底層鉛離子含量,原因可能為蘆葦對表層鉛離子吸收的較少,使大量鉛離子在表層產(chǎn)生積累。結(jié)果表明:隨著廢水灌溉時間的增長,土壤中鉛離子含量不斷增加,使得鉛離子變化量顯著增加。底層土壤銅離子含量最小為12.53mg·kg-1,廢水中的銅離子由于土壤顆粒吸附的作用,大量銅離子富集在土壤中上層;土壤鎘離子含量變化不均,大量的鎘離子富集在土壤中層和底層,表層土壤中鎘離子含量相對較少。表層鎘離子變化量最大為2.00mg·kg-1。大量的鉻離子含量富集在土壤表層為53.76mg·kg-1,說明蘆葦對表層土壤中的鉻離子吸收較少。中上層土壤錳離子含量明顯大于底層錳離子含量,說明廢水灌溉后,由于蘆葦對錳離子吸收的較弱所導致。土壤錳離子變化量在不同土層各有分布,且在中下層分布較多;鋅離子含量在不同土層中沒有很好的規(guī)律可循,說明并不是越底層或表層,其鋅離子含量就越大或越小,土壤鋅離子變化量在不同土層各有分布,且隨著土層深度增加,變化量逐漸減少。(5)蘆葦不同生長期灌溉不同濃度造紙廢水,土壤鉛離子含量在質(zhì)量濃度為300mg·L-1處理時,鉛離子含量最大,質(zhì)量濃度為50mg·L-1處理時,土壤中鉛離子含量最小。在5～10cm土層鉛離子含量最高為62.39mg·kg-1。土壤銅離子在各層的分布比較相似。在5～10cm土層中,銅離子含量最大為59.49mg·kg-1,在40～60cm土層中,銅離子含量最小為45.28mg·kg-1。成熟期土壤中銅離子變化量最大,說明在成熟期灌溉造紙廢水后,蘆葦對土壤中銅離子吸收較弱。土壤鎘離子在0～5cm土層,質(zhì)量濃度為300mg·L-1處理含量最高。鎘離子變化量在質(zhì)量濃度300mg·L-1處理的變化量最大,50mg·L-1處理變化量最小。土壤鉻離子含量在0～5cm土層中含量最高。灌溉廢水質(zhì)量濃度越大,土壤中的鉻離子含量越多。鉻離子變化量隨蘆葦生育期的變化趨勢為成熟期抽穗開花期拔節(jié)期展葉期出苗期。土壤中錳離子含量在質(zhì)量濃度300mg·L-1處理時,在0～10cm土層中錳離子含量最大,之后在40～60cm土層錳離子含量最小。錳離子變化量與錳離子含量變化相似。土壤中鋅離子含量隨著灌溉質(zhì)量濃度的增加,鋅離子含量越大。土壤鋅離子變化量隨生長期變化規(guī)律為成熟期拔節(jié)期抽穗開花期展葉期出苗期。灌溉不同質(zhì)量濃度的造紙廢水與土壤理化性質(zhì)指標具有顯著相關(guān)性。
[Abstract]:The wetland area is constantly shrinking because of the continuous warming and industrialization of the global climate. The Liaohe estuary wetland is facing a severe shortage of water resources. At the same time, the condition of groundwater recharge is poor, and the natural precipitation is not enough. The paper mill located inside the wetland is distributed along the river, the waste water flows through the wetland, and the wastewater discharge is large, the wetland wastewater irrigation is irrigated. In order to study the change of soil characteristics in different soil layers and different growth stages, the migration characteristics of each index in wetland soil under the condition of long term wastewater irrigation were analyzed. The small test device was used to simulate the natural reed wetland in the Liaohe River Estuary, and the paper wastewater with CODcr concentration of 50mg L-1175mg. L-1300mg. L-1, respectively, was different. The growth period (emergence period, leaf spreading stage, jointing stage, heading flowering period and mature period) was irrigated, with soil bulk density, porosity, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and heavy metals in 2009 as the base value. From 2009 to 2015, irrigation was conducted every year to determine the soil bulk density, porosity, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and weight after a long period of irrigation in 2015. The contents of metal and other contents were analyzed from 2009 to 2015. The main results were as follows: (1) after long term irrigation, the bulk density decreased with the depth of soil layer and the porosity decreased with the depth of soil layer. After water, the change trend of soil bulk density increases with the concentration of wastewater irrigation, and the soil bulk density decreases gradually. The porosity of soil porosity decreases with the depth of soil layer, and the porosity reaches the maximum value in 0 ~ 5cm soil layer. Soil porosity is 300mg. L-1 treatment. The change of gap degree is the most, the change of 175mg L-1 treatment is the smallest. (2) after long-term irrigation of different mass concentration of papermaking wastewater, the soil organic matter content and change amount, the highest organic matter content in the soil surface is 5.01%. on the contrary, the highest growth rate of the organic matter in the bottom soil is the different growth period irrigation of the 1.88%. reed. In the 0 ~ 5cm soil layer, the increase rate of soil organic matter content was the highest when the mass concentration was 300mg L-1. When the reed was in the spreading stage, the mass concentration was 50mg. L-1 treatment, the highest increase rate of organic matter in the 0 to 5cm soil layer was the accumulation of organic matter content in the soil at the time of 3.62%. heading. Reed has less absorption of organic matter and accumulates a large amount of organic matter in soil. (3) after long term irrigation of paper wastewater with different mass concentration, the maximum content of total phosphorus in soil in 0 ~ 5cm soil layer is 0.75g. Kg-1. in different growth stages of reed. The concentration of total phosphorus is the largest in the treatment of 300mg. L-1, and the mass concentration is 50mg L-1 treatment. The total nitrogen content of the soil was the lowest. The total nitrogen content in the soil showed a regular period with the growth period. The change of total nitrogen in the soil was different with the irrigation quality, but the change of total nitrogen in the soil decreased with the depth of soil layer. (4) after a long period of irrigation, the variation of total nitrogen in soil was gradually reduced. The maximum content of lead ion in soil layer in 5 ~ 10cm soil layer is 62.39mg. Kg-1, and the minimum content in the 40~60 soil layer is 45.63mg. Kg-1.. The result shows that the lead ion content in the upper layer soil is greater than that of the bottom lead ion, the reason may be that the reed is less absorbed on the surface lead ion and makes a large amount of lead ion in the table. The results show that the content of lead ions in the soil increases with the increase of the time of the wastewater irrigation. The amount of lead ions in the soil increases significantly. The minimum copper ion content in the bottom soil is 12.53mg. Kg-1. The copper ions in the waste water are enriched in the upper layer of the soil because of the adsorption of soil particles; A large amount of cadmium ions are enriched in the middle and bottom layers of the soil, and the content of cadmium ions in the surface soil is relatively small. The maximum amount of cadmium ion in the surface layer is 2.00mg. Kg-1., the content of chromium ions is enriched in the surface layer of 53.76mg. Kg-1, indicating that the absorption of chromium ions in the surface soil is less. It is obvious that the content of the manganese ion is more than the content of the bottom manganese ion. It shows that the amount of manganese ions in the soil is distributed in different soil layers and is more distributed in the middle and lower layers, and the content of zinc ion is not good to follow in the different soil layers. It is not the bottom or the surface, and the zinc ion is not the zinc ion. The content of the content is larger or smaller, and the variation of soil zinc ion is distributed in different soil layers. And with the increase of soil depth, the change is gradually reduced. (5) the content of lead ions in soil has the largest concentration of 300mg. L-1, and the concentration of lead ion is the largest, and the mass concentration is 50mg L-1 treatment. The content of lead ion in soil is the smallest. The highest content of lead ion in 5 ~ 10cm soil layer is 62.39mg kg-1.. The distribution of copper ions in each layer is similar. In the 5 ~ 10cm soil layer, the maximum copper ion content is 59.49mg. Kg-1. In the 40 ~ 60cm soil layer, the copper ion content is the largest in 45.28mg. Kg-1. maturity soil, which is the largest. The absorption of copper ions in the soil was weak after the irrigation of papermaking wastewater at maturity. The concentration of cadmium ion in the soil layer of 0 ~ 5cm soil was the highest in the soil layer of 300mg. L-1. The change amount of cadmium ion change at the mass concentration of 300mg. L-1 was the largest, the 50mg L-1 treatment was the smallest. The content of chromium ion in soil was in the 0 ~ 5cm soil layer. The higher the concentration of the irrigation wastewater, the more chromium ion content in the soil. The change of the chromium ion variation with the reed growth period is the emergence period of the jointing stage in the flowering stage of the mature period. The manganese ion content in the soil is the largest in the 0 ~ 10cm soil layer when the content of the soil is treated by the mass concentration of 300mg. L-1. Then, the content of manganese ions in the soil layer is from 40 to 60cm. The manganese ion content of soil layer is the smallest. The change of manganese ion is similar to that of manganese ion. The content of zinc ion in soil increases with the increase of irrigation quality. It has a significant correlation with the physical and chemical properties of soil.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S273.5;S151.9

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