本文選題：酞酸酯 + 設施農(nóng)業(yè)��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：酞酸酯(Phthalateesters,PAEs)化合物作為塑料增塑劑,普遍用于聚烯烴類塑料的生產(chǎn)當中,伴隨著工業(yè)的發(fā)展及塑料薄膜的普遍農(nóng)用化,塑料制品在設施農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中得到了廣泛應用,由此帶來的環(huán)境問題已不容忽視。本研究以東北黑土區(qū)設施農(nóng)業(yè)土壤為研究對象,對研究區(qū)內(nèi)不同季節(jié)(春、夏、秋)和不同剖面(0-20cm、20-40cm、40-60cm)的土壤樣品中15種PAEs進行檢測分析。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)研究區(qū)土表PAEs隨季節(jié)分布特征①15種PAEs在東北黑土區(qū)設施農(nóng)業(yè)土表中的檢出率100%,PAEs作為持久性有機污染物在東北設施農(nóng)業(yè)黑土中已隨處可見。②研究區(qū)所有的土表樣品中,檢測到鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP),鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP),鄰苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP),鄰苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)含量均最高,平均含量分別為1.12±0.22、0.46±0.05、0.36±0.04和0.17±0.01mg/kg。在春、夏和秋三個季節(jié)中4種PAEs含量之和占總含量的比例范圍為64.08-90.51%,因此將DEHP、DMP、DEP、DBP確定為優(yōu)先控制污染物。③15種PAEs總量(S15PAEs)在季節(jié)之間存在顯著差異,含量變化范圍為1.37~4.90 mg/kg,其中夏季含量最高,S15PAEs隨著季節(jié)的變化呈現(xiàn)出先升高后降低的分布特征。(2)研究區(qū)土壤剖面PAEs分布特征①研究區(qū)各土壤剖面中15種PAEs檢出率存在差異,在0-20cm剖面15種PAEs的檢出率均為100%,但在20-40、40-60cm剖面僅分別有5種和1種PAEs的檢出率為100%。②烷基鏈較長、分子量較大的PAEs均呈現(xiàn)出較弱的遷移性,從0-20cm剖面到40-60cm剖面,不僅含量大幅降低,占S15PAEs的百分比也降低;烷基鏈較短、分子量較小的PAEs則呈現(xiàn)出相對較強的遷移性,從0-20cm剖面到40-60cm剖面,含量雖然降低,但降低幅度較小,且占S15PAEs的百分比有所增加。③研究區(qū)土壤PAEs主要集中在0-20cm剖面,S15PAEs隨著土層深度的增加,呈現(xiàn)大幅降低的趨勢。(3)研究區(qū)土壤PAEs分布特征與土壤理化指標的相關性對S15PAEs和土壤理化指標進行相關性分析,結(jié)果表明S15PAEs的時空分布特征與土壤有機質(zhì)含量具有顯著相關性,而與土壤p H、孔隙度及含水率均表現(xiàn)出弱相關性。(4)研究區(qū)土壤中微生物多樣性的變化春夏秋三個季節(jié)中,土壤微生物豐富度指數(shù)(R)、Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)(H)和均勻度指數(shù)(E)從0-20 cm剖面到40-60 cm剖面均呈現(xiàn)出逐漸降低的趨勢,且三個指數(shù)在同一剖面進行比較均夏季最高,春秋兩季相差不大。通過對DGGE凝膠上20個主要條帶進行切膠回收,經(jīng)克隆、測序及同源性比較,鑒定結(jié)果證明研究區(qū)土壤細菌表現(xiàn)出豐富的多樣性,其中放線菌門(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌門(Firmicutes),變形菌門(Proteobacteria)為優(yōu)勢菌群,研究區(qū)不同季節(jié)及不同剖面土壤的優(yōu)勢菌群雖相似,但微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)存在差異。
[Abstract]:As plastic plasticizers, phthalate ester phthalate (Pas) compounds are widely used in the production of polyolefin plastics. With the development of industry and the widespread agricultural production of plastic film, plastic products have been widely used in facility agriculture production. The resulting environmental problems cannot be ignored. In this study, 15 PAEs in soil samples from different seasons (spring, summer, autumn) and different profiles (0-20 cm ~ 20 cm ~ 40 cm ~ 60 cm) were detected and analyzed. The main results are as follows: (1) the characteristics of PAEs in soil surface with seasonal distribution in the study area. The detection rate of 115 kinds of PAEs in the agricultural soil table of the northeast black soil area was 100%. As a persistent organic pollutant, PAEs were found everywhere in the black soil of the northeast protected agriculture. (2) of all the soil surface samples in the study area, The highest content of DEHPN, dibutyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate and dimethyl phthalate DMPwere detected, and the average contents were 1.12 鹵0.22c0.46 鹵0.050.36 鹵0.04 and 0.17 鹵0.01mg / kg, respectively. In spring, summer and autumn, the ratio of the total contents of four PAEs to the total contents was 64.08-90.51.Therefore, the DBP of DEHPX DMPP was determined as the priority to control pollutant .315 kinds of PAEs, and the total amount of PAEs (S15PAEs) was significantly different between seasons. The content of PAEs varied from 1.37 to 4.90 mg / kg, and the highest content of S15PAEs in summer showed a distribution characteristic of first rising and then decreasing with seasonal variation.) the PAEs distribution characteristics of soil profile in the study area 1 the detectable rate of 15 kinds of PAEs in each soil profile of the study area were different. The detectable rates of all 15 kinds of PAEs were 100 in 0-20cm profile, but only 5 and 1 in 20-4040 ~ 60cm profile were found to be 100.2 alkyl chain longer and higher molecular weight, all of them showed weaker migration, from 0-20cm profile to 40-60cm profile. Not only the content of PAEs decreased significantly, but the percentage of S15 PAEs also decreased, while the alkyl chain was shorter and the molecular weight of PAEs with small molecular weight showed a relatively strong migration. From 0-20cm profile to 40-60cm profile, the content of PAEs decreased, but the decrease was relatively small. The percentage of soil PAEs in S15 PAEs increased. 3. The concentration of soil PAEs in 0-20cm profile increased with the increase of soil depth. The correlation between soil PAEs distribution characteristics and soil physical and chemical indexes was analyzed. The results showed that the spatial and temporal distribution of S15PAEs was significantly correlated with soil organic matter content. There was a weak correlation between soil pH, porosity and moisture content.) the variation of soil microbial diversity in spring, summer and autumn was observed in the three seasons of spring, summer and autumn. The soil microorganism richness index and evenness index (H) and evenness index (E) decreased gradually from 0-20 cm profile to 40-60 cm profile, and the three indexes were the highest in summer, and the difference between spring and autumn was not significant. 20 main bands of DGGE gel were recovered by gel cutting, cloned, sequenced and homologous compared. The results showed that the soil bacteria in the study area showed rich diversity. Actinobacteriae, Firmicutesa and Proteobacteria) were the dominant flora. Although the dominant flora of soil in different seasons and different sections of the study area were similar, the microbial community structure was different.
【學位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S151.9;S316

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本文編號：2016288