發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-13 02:33

  本文選題：長(zhǎng)期定位施肥 + 棕壤��； 參考：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文應(yīng)用棕壤肥料長(zhǎng)期定位試驗(yàn),研究經(jīng)36年長(zhǎng)期輪作施肥條件下,不同施肥處理大豆各生育時(shí)期土壤pH、土壤速效鉀和鈣、鎂離子濃度及其在土壤中垂直分布,以及大豆植株中各器官中鉀、鈣、鎂含量隨生育時(shí)期的變化規(guī)律及其吸收量。主要研究結(jié)果如下：耕層土壤速效鉀、水溶性鈣、鎂和交換性鈣、鎂含量隨大豆生育期的推進(jìn)變化明顯,而耕層土壤酸溶性鈣、鎂含量隨生育期的推進(jìn)變化不明顯。其中,耕層土壤速效鉀含量和水溶性鈣、鎂含量在大豆鼓粒期均為最低,土壤交換性鈣、鎂含量在鼓粒期最高。長(zhǎng)期不同施肥對(duì)0-20cm土層的土壤pH影響最大,各土層土壤pH值大小在土壤剖面上表現(xiàn)出：20-40cm40-60cm0-20cm,土壤pH值在不同處理之間表現(xiàn)出：?jiǎn)问┯袡C(jī)肥處理有機(jī)肥配施氮肥處理對(duì)照處理(CK)施氮肥處理。長(zhǎng)期不同施肥對(duì)土壤速效鉀含量和土壤水溶性鈣、鎂含量在剖面上的影響表現(xiàn)出：隨土壤深度的增加,土壤速效鉀和土壤水溶性鈣、鎂含量逐漸減少。長(zhǎng)期不同施肥對(duì)土壤交換性鈣、鎂和酸溶性鈣、鎂含量在剖面上的影響表現(xiàn)出：隨土壤深度的增加,土壤交換性鈣、鎂含量和土壤酸溶性鈣、鎂含量也逐漸增加,在土壤剖面上具有淋溶特點(diǎn)。大豆各生育時(shí)期中,植株各器官中鉀、鈣、鎂含量在不同施肥處理之間均表現(xiàn)出：有機(jī)肥區(qū)化肥區(qū)。(1)大豆分枝期時(shí),不同施肥處理的植株各器官的鈣、鎂含量表現(xiàn)出：葉片莖桿根,植物各器官鉀含量表現(xiàn)出：莖桿葉片根；(2)開花結(jié)莢期時(shí),不同施肥處理的植株各器官的鈣含量表現(xiàn)出：葉片莖桿莢皮根,鉀含量為：莢皮葉片莖桿根；(3)鼓粒期時(shí),不同施肥處理的植株各器官的鈣、鎂含量均表現(xiàn)出：葉片莖桿根莢皮,植株中鉀含量表現(xiàn)出：莢皮葉片莖桿根；(4)收獲期時(shí),不同施肥處理的植株各器官的鈣含量表現(xiàn)出：莢皮根莖桿籽粒,鎂含量表現(xiàn)出：莢皮莖桿根籽粒,鉀含量表現(xiàn)出：籽粒莢皮根莖桿。長(zhǎng)期不同施肥對(duì)大豆植株鉀、鈣、鎂吸收量的影響表現(xiàn)出：有機(jī)肥區(qū)化肥區(qū)。有機(jī)肥配施化肥處理M2N1P、M2N1PK、M2N1、M2植株鈣、鎂的吸收量均高于對(duì)應(yīng)化肥區(qū)處理N1P、N1PK、N1、CK植株鈣、鎂的吸收量,且均達(dá)到顯著性差異水平。在有機(jī)肥區(qū)和化肥區(qū)中,施鉀肥處理(M2N1PK和N1PK)植株鉀、鈣、鎂的吸收量均高于處理M2N1P和N1P植株鉀、鈣、鎂的吸收量,且均達(dá)到顯著性差異水平
[Abstract]:In this paper, the soil pH, available potassium, calcium, magnesium ion concentration and their vertical distribution in soybean at different growth stages were studied under 36 years long term rotation fertilization with brown soil fertilizer. The contents of potassium, calcium and magnesium in various organs of soybean plants varied with the growth period and their absorption. The main results were as follows: the contents of available potassium, water-soluble calcium, magnesium and exchangeable calcium and magnesium in topsoil changed obviously with the advance of soybean growth period, but the contents of acid-soluble calcium and magnesium in topsoil did not change significantly with the advance of growth period. Among them, the available potassium content and water soluble calcium in the topsoil were the lowest in Dadou granulation period, the exchangeable calcium and magnesium content were the highest in the granulation stage. Long-term fertilization had the greatest effect on soil pH of 0-20cm soil. The soil pH value of each soil layer showed a ratio of: 20-40 cm 40-60 cm 0-20 cm in soil profile, and the soil pH value showed in different treatments: single organic fertilizer treatment combined with nitrogen fertilizer control treatment (CK) application of nitrogen fertilizer treatment. The effect of long-term fertilization on soil available potassium content and water soluble calcium and magnesium content in soil profile showed that soil available potassium and water soluble calcium and magnesium content gradually decreased with the increase of soil depth. The effects of long-term fertilization on soil exchangeable calcium, magnesium, acid-soluble calcium and magnesium content in soil profile showed that with the increase of soil depth, soil exchangeable calcium, magnesium content and soil acid-soluble calcium, magnesium content also increased gradually. It has the characteristics of leaching in soil profile. The contents of potassium, calcium and magnesium in various organs of soybean showed in different fertilization treatments: chemical fertilizer area in organic fertilizer area. 1) calcium in organs of different fertilization treatments at the branching stage of soybean. Magnesium content showed: leaf stem root, plant organ potassium content: stem leaf root 2) when flowering pod stage, the calcium content of plant organs of different fertilization treatment showed: leaf stem pod-skin root, The potassium contents were as follows: at the stage of seeding, the contents of calcium and magnesium in different fertilization treatments were: pods of leaf stem root, potassium content of plants showed as follows: at harvest stage, potassium content in leaves showed that: pods, leaves, stems and roots of pods at the harvest stage, the contents of potassium in the leaves of different fertilization treatments were as follows: pods, leaves, stems, roots and roots of pods at the harvest stage. The calcium content of different fertilization treatments showed as follows: seed of pods rhizome stem, magnesium content of root kernel of pod bark stem, potassium content of pod bark rhizome stem. The effects of long-term fertilization on the absorption of potassium, calcium and magnesium in soybean plants were as follows: fertilizer area in organic fertilizer area. The absorption of calcium and magnesium in plant of M _ 2N _ 1P ~ + M _ 2N _ 1PKN _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (1) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2 In the organic fertilizer area and fertilizer area, the absorption of K, Ca and mg in the plants treated with potassium fertilizer was higher than that in the plants treated with M2N1P and N1P, and the absorption amount of K, Ca and mg in the plants treated with potassium fertilizer was higher than that in the plants treated with M2N1P and N1P, and all reached the level of significant difference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6;S565.1

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