本文選題：解磷細(xì)菌 + 篩選��； 參考：《新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：棗源于我國,是我國獨具特色的果樹樹種,具有抗旱、耐貧瘠、抗風(fēng)、抗鹽堿、種植后豐產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、適宜大面積發(fā)展等特點,已成為近年來新疆快速發(fā)展起來的一項增加農(nóng)民收入的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)。然而隨著化肥使用量的增加,其負(fù)面影響日益凸顯。探尋新的肥源,尤其是生物肥替代或部分替代化肥的研究倍受關(guān)注。本研究以新疆棗主產(chǎn)區(qū)棗根際土壤為材料,進(jìn)行了解磷細(xì)菌的分離、篩選和16S rDNA鑒定,并研究其解磷機理。取得了以下結(jié)果:(1)就微生物總量來說,4年生駿棗根際土壤的微生物數(shù)量高于8年生駿棗;從根際促生菌上看,8年生駿棗根際促生菌的總量要高于4年生根際促生菌,在不同種類的促生菌上表現(xiàn)出一定的差異。棗根際土壤促生菌的種類和數(shù)量與根際土壤養(yǎng)分有關(guān),根際土壤速效磷的含量影響固氮菌和解無機磷細(xì)菌的分布,解鉀細(xì)菌的數(shù)量與土壤堿解氮的含量密切相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.88。(2)采用溶磷圈初篩和搖瓶復(fù)篩法篩選出土樣中的解磷細(xì)菌,并對解磷細(xì)菌的16S rDNA進(jìn)行測序,通過Blast檢索同源序列,鑒定解磷細(xì)菌的種屬,主要為Bacillus sp.、Acinetobacter sp.、Pseudomonas sp.、Enterobacter sp.等4個屬的細(xì)菌。(3)在磷酸三鈣無機磷培養(yǎng)基中,所篩選出的20個菌株在搖瓶培養(yǎng)下均有溶磷效果,其中P7、P13的能力最強,解磷量達(dá)到300μg/m L以上,菌株解磷量與培養(yǎng)液pH值的呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。(4)在蒙金娜有機磷培養(yǎng)基中,有3菌株對卵磷脂有較強的解磷能力,P3、P7、P9與對照間差異顯著,菌株解磷量與培養(yǎng)液的pH值呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。(5)篩出來的20個菌株對磷酸鈣和磷酸鋁均有不同程度的降解能力,對磷酸鈣降解能力很強的菌株P(guān)7、P13解磷酸鋁效果也相對較好。20個菌株對磷酸鐵和植酸鈣降解能力較差。(6)有機酸的種類和數(shù)量對無機磷的溶解具有重要的作用,其中其中乙酸、丙酮酸和丁酸效果最好。不同的菌株對pH環(huán)境適應(yīng)性有差異,P7適應(yīng)堿性環(huán)境,而P13則喜好偏酸性環(huán)境。在解無機磷時,發(fā)酵液中的酸性磷酸酶占主導(dǎo)優(yōu)勢,而在降解有機磷時堿性磷酸酶起主導(dǎo)作用。(7)使用菌劑能夠提高土壤堿解氮含量,增加土壤中有效磷的含量,提高土壤的有機質(zhì)含量,降低土壤pH值,但是,單一菌劑大多只在一個或兩個方面起作用,并且菌劑的效果受環(huán)境的影響較大。解磷菌劑能夠改善果實的品質(zhì),尤其是糖、酸和Vc含量等。
[Abstract]:Jujube originated from China. It is a unique fruit tree species in China. It has the characteristics of drought resistance, barren resistance, wind resistance, salt and alkali resistance, high yield and stable yield after planting and suitable for large area development. It has become a leading industry for increasing farmers' income in Xinjiang in recent years. However, with the increase of fertilizer use, its negative influence has become increasingly prominent. New fertilizer sources, especially biological fertilizer replacement or partial substitution of chemical fertilizer, have attracted much attention. In this study, the rhizosphere soil of jujube jujube in Xinjiang jujube was used as the material to study the isolation, screening and 16S rDNA identification of phosphorus bacteria, and to study the mechanism of phosphorus removal. The following results were obtained: (1) the microorganism total amount, 4 years old jujube Rhizosphere Soil Micro The number of organisms was higher than that of the 8 year old steed jujube; from the rhizosphere stimulating bacteria, the total amount of the rhizosphere bacteria of the 8 year old steed jujube was higher than that of the 4 year rooting probiotic bacteria. The species and quantity of the rhizosphere soil promoting bacteria in the rhizosphere of jujube were related to the nutrient of the rhizosphere soil, and the content of available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil affected the nitrogen fixing bacteria and the nitrogen fixing bacteria and the content of the rhizosphere soil. The distribution of inorganic phosphorus bacteria, the number of potassium solubilizing bacteria is closely related to the content of soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, the correlation coefficient is 0.88. (2), the phosphorus solubilizing bacteria in the soil samples are screened by the initial screening of phosphate solubilizing ring and the shake flask rescreening method, and the 16S rDNA of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria is sequenced and the species of phosphate solubilizing bacteria are identified by Blast detection, mainly Bacil. LUS sp., Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp. and other 4 genera bacteria. (3) in the inorganic phosphorus phosphate medium of tricalcium phosphate, the 20 strains screened in the shake flask culture have the effect of phosphorus dissolution, in which the ability of P7, P13 is the strongest, the amount of phosphorus is up to 300 mu g/m L, and the amount of phosphorus in the strain is significantly negatively correlated with the value of the culture solution. 4) in the monmona organophosphorus medium, 3 strains had strong phosphate solubilizing ability to lecithin, and there was significant difference between P3, P7, P9 and the control. (5) the 20 strains of the screened strains had the ability to degrade the calcium phosphate and aluminum phosphate in different range, and the strain of calcium phosphate, which has a strong ability to degrade calcium phosphate, P7, The effect of P13 aluminum phosphate solution is also relatively better than that of.20 strain on the degradation of ferric phosphate and calcium phytate. (6) the species and quantity of organic acids play an important role in the dissolution of inorganic phosphorus. Among them, acetic acid, pyruvic acid and butyric acid are the best. The adaptation of different strains to pH environment is different, P7 is adapted to the alkaline environment and P13 is preferred. Acid phosphatase in the solution of inorganic phosphorus predominate, while alkaline phosphatase plays the leading role in the degradation of organophosphorus. (7) the use of bactericide can increase the content of soil alkaline nitrogen, increase the content of available phosphorus in soil, increase the content of soil organic matter and reduce the pH value of soil, but the single bactericide is mostly in one. One or two aspects play a role, and the effect of inoculants is greatly affected by the environment. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria can improve fruit quality, especially sugar, acid and Vc content.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S154.3;S665.1

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本文編號：2012206