發(fā)布時間：2018-06-12 23:57

  本文選題：生態(tài)健康 + 影響因子　； 參考：《浙江大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以甌江流域源頭區(qū)為研究主體,水土流失對生態(tài)健康的影響為背景,生態(tài)健康評價為目的,應用生態(tài)學和水土保持學原理,綜合研究區(qū)實際情況,從生態(tài)特征、功能作用、社會經(jīng)濟三方面構(gòu)建了基于水土保持的生態(tài)健康評價指標體系。通過野外調(diào)查采樣與室內(nèi)樣品測試、資料收集,結(jié)合GIS手段,高精度獲取了各評價指標的定量化數(shù)據(jù)。在對生態(tài)健康各評價因子系統(tǒng)分析的基礎上,建立了相應的評價標準。選用綜合水質(zhì)標識指數(shù)法、主成分分析法對難以確定的定性指標進行了獨立評價。最后基于層次分析法,確定指標權(quán)重,綜合評價研究區(qū)的生態(tài)健康�；谠u價結(jié)果提出了研究區(qū)的水土保持防護體系構(gòu)架。研究結(jié)果可為南方丘陵區(qū)流域源頭區(qū)的生態(tài)建設提供科學依據(jù)。主要結(jié)論如下：(1)研究區(qū)各評價指標所反映的生態(tài)現(xiàn)狀：徑流量充足,擁有Ⅱ類水質(zhì),因其為流域源頭區(qū),水質(zhì)條件對全流域的發(fā)展有著至關(guān)重要的作用,故該區(qū)水質(zhì)仍需提高。植被條件好,土壤有機質(zhì)含量較高,為流域環(huán)境提供了良好的生態(tài)基礎,但影響土壤抗蝕性能力的土壤團聚體,會因不同林相及人類干擾而有明顯差異,尤以經(jīng)濟林間的差異表現(xiàn)更為顯著,其土壤團聚體穩(wěn)定性有好有差,故在建設流域生態(tài)健康過程中,應注重對土壤結(jié)構(gòu)較差的經(jīng)濟林實行有效管理,提高保持水土的能力。(2)甌江流域源頭區(qū)的生態(tài)健康評價結(jié)果為亞健康,在眾多影響因子中,水土流失強度和土壤抗蝕性能力是影響該區(qū)生態(tài)健康的主要因素。研究區(qū)土壤抗蝕性水平較弱,加之一定程度的人為干擾,出現(xiàn)了不同程度的水土流失,而水土流失攜帶的泥沙和表層土壤養(yǎng)分,影響區(qū)域水質(zhì),更進一步削弱了土壤抗蝕性能力,影響了研究區(qū)的生態(tài)健康水平,因此,盡管研究區(qū)具有良好的生態(tài)基礎,卻無法實現(xiàn)流域源頭區(qū)本應為健康狀態(tài)的特點。(3)依據(jù)研究區(qū)垂直分帶明顯的地貌特征及目前所處的生態(tài)狀況,遵循“因地制宜”與“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”原則,將區(qū)域劃分為三個不同的生態(tài)保育和水土保持垂直地帶,分別為：源頭山地區(qū)生態(tài)保育為主的地帶,山前丘陵坡地水土保持重點地帶,濱河谷地重點開發(fā)與保護并重地帶。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the source area of Oujiang River Basin as the main body, the impact of soil and water loss on ecological health as the background, ecological health assessment as the purpose, applying the principles of ecology and soil and water conservation, synthesizing the actual situation of the study area, from the ecological characteristics and function. The evaluation index system of ecological health based on soil and water conservation is established in three aspects of social economy. Through field investigation and indoor sample testing, data collection and GIS, the quantitative data of each evaluation index were obtained with high precision. Based on the systematic analysis of the factors of ecological health evaluation, the corresponding evaluation criteria were established. The synthetic water quality labeling index method and principal component analysis method are used to evaluate the qualitative indexes which are difficult to be determined. Finally, based on Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the index weight is determined and the ecological health of the study area is comprehensively evaluated. Based on the evaluation results, the framework of soil and water conservation protection system in the study area is proposed. The results can provide scientific basis for the ecological construction of the headwaters in the southern hilly region. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the ecological situation reflected by the evaluation indexes in the study area is as follows: adequate runoff, class 鈪，

本文編號：2011635