本文選題：文登市 + 土壤養(yǎng)分��； 參考：《山東農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤有機質、全氮、速效磷和有效鉀是土壤養(yǎng)分的重要組成成分,也是評價土壤肥力和土壤質量的重要指標之一。在一定的水、肥、氣、熱條件下,土壤的這四種物質含量越高,標志著土壤肥力和土壤質量的越高,它們含量的降低將直接導致土壤肥力的降低和土壤質量的下降,從而降低其上的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的生產力。因而,揭示土壤有機質、全氮、速效磷和有效鉀含量變化的空間變異規(guī)律可以為土壤肥力評價和管理提供指導,是實現耕地資源可持續(xù)利用和區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展的前提。要正確評價整個區(qū)域的土壤肥力狀況,只能通過科學的抽樣技術,用統(tǒng)計學方法研究土壤樣本各種養(yǎng)分測試值的統(tǒng)計量,從而估計總體(整個區(qū)域)的土壤肥力狀況。本文是以山東省文登市(縣級市)為典型研究區(qū),以耕層土壤有機質和全氮、速效磷、有效鉀為研究對象,利用地統(tǒng)計分析模塊中的克立格法分析文登市耕層土壤有機質、全氮、速效磷和有效鉀的空間變異性,并對比選擇最優(yōu)的克立格插值模型,分析了不同地形條件、不同土地利用和土壤類型下,四種土壤養(yǎng)分的含量特征,以及地形因子和土地利用交互作用對土壤養(yǎng)分狀況的影響,得出以下研究結果:(1)本文系統(tǒng)分析了文登市土壤中有機質及氮磷鉀含量的空間分布狀況,通過對研究區(qū)1616個表層土壤樣品中4種養(yǎng)分指標(有機質、土壤全氮、速效磷、有效鉀)進行描述性統(tǒng)計后分析結果顯示:文登市有機質的平均值是10.48g/kg,全氮0.97g/kg,速效磷0.89g/kg,有效鉀24.97g/kg。從4種土壤養(yǎng)分的空間分布圖看:有機質含量中等偏高且分布成片狀相見分布;全氮含量東北部高于西南部,整體上呈塊狀分布;速效磷含量較高,有集中分布現象;有效鉀受地理位置影響,表現出從西到東快速增加的趨勢。(2)本研究過程中對比分析出土壤有機質、全氮、速效磷和有效鉀的克里格最優(yōu)模型。然后通過半方差函數模型分析,發(fā)現在一定范圍內這4種土壤養(yǎng)分均存在空間相關性,其中速效磷空間相關性很弱,受隨機因素影響較大;而土壤有機質、全氮和有效鉀的分布具有中等空間相關性,其中,全氮受人為因素影響占主導;有機質和有效鉀受結構性因素影響占主導。(3)在研究地形因子、土壤類型和不同的土地利用方式與4種土壤養(yǎng)分的關系時,做了兩方面的研究:第一,研究不同土地利用方式、坡度、海拔、土壤類型等級下土壤養(yǎng)分的空間分布狀況,以及土壤養(yǎng)分含量的變化趨勢。第二,在SPSS軟件中采用Pearson相關性系數,進行土壤類型關于土壤有機質、全氮、速效磷和有效鉀的空間變異相關性研究和土地利用方式與地形因子的交互作用對4種土壤養(yǎng)分含量分布的相關關系。
[Abstract]:Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium are important components of soil nutrients, and also one of the important indicators to evaluate soil fertility and soil quality. Under certain conditions of water, fertilizer, gas and heat, the higher the content of these four substances in the soil, the higher the soil fertility and soil quality, and their decrease will directly lead to the decrease of soil fertility and soil quality. Thus reducing the productivity of the ecosystem on it. Therefore, revealing the spatial variation law of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content can provide guidance for soil fertility evaluation and management, and is the premise of realizing the sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources and regional sustainable development. In order to correctly evaluate the soil fertility in the whole region, we can only use the scientific sampling technique to study the statistics of the soil samples' various nutrient test values, and then estimate the soil fertility status of the whole region. This paper takes Wendeng City, Shandong Province (county level) as the typical research area, takes the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium as the research object, and uses the Kriging method in the statistical analysis module to analyze the soil organic matter in the topsoil layer of Wendeng City. The spatial variability of total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium was compared and the characteristics of four kinds of soil nutrients were analyzed under different topographic conditions, different land use and soil types, and the optimal Kriging interpolation model was selected. And the effects of the interaction of topographic factors and land use on the soil nutrient status. The following results were obtained: 1) the spatial distribution of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil of Wendeng City was analyzed systematically in this paper. Through descriptive statistical analysis of four nutrient indexes (organic matter, soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium) in 166 surface soil samples in the study area, the results showed that the average value of organic matter in Wendeng was 10.48 g / kg, total nitrogen 0.97 g / kg, available phosphorus 0.89 g / kg, available potassium 24.97 g / kg. According to the spatial distribution map of four kinds of soil nutrients, the organic matter content was middle high and distributed as a flake distribution, the total nitrogen content in the northeast was higher than that in the southwest, and the whole distribution was massive, the available phosphorus content was relatively high, and the distribution was concentrated. The available potassium is affected by geographical location, showing a trend of rapid increase from west to east.) in this study, the Kriging optimal model of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium was compared and analyzed. Then, through the analysis of semi-variance function model, it is found that the four kinds of soil nutrients have spatial correlation in a certain range, among which the spatial correlation of available phosphorus is very weak, which is influenced by random factors, but the soil organic matter, The distribution of total nitrogen and available potassium is of moderate spatial correlation, in which total nitrogen is dominated by human factors, and organic matter and available potassium are dominated by structural factors. The relationship between soil types and different land use patterns and four kinds of soil nutrients was studied in two aspects: first, the spatial distribution of soil nutrients in different land use patterns, slopes, elevations, and soil types was studied. And the change trend of soil nutrient content. Secondly, using Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS software, the soil types of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, Spatial variability correlation of available phosphorus and available potassium and the correlation between land use patterns and topographic factors on the distribution of four kinds of soil nutrients.
【學位授予單位】：山東農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S158

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