發(fā)布時間：2018-05-30 23:18

  本文選題：吉林省 + 地力評價��； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：耕地地力是反映耕地生產(chǎn)能力的一項(xiàng)重要指標(biāo),直接影響我省糧食安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等。目前我省部分市縣已對耕地做出評價,由于研究范圍及區(qū)域的不同,其對耕地有影響的指標(biāo)選取差異也很大,方法也不同,所以基于市縣的評價結(jié)果匯總起來難度大且不科學(xué)。所以對我省耕地進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評價勢在必行,可以對全省耕地有更深入、更準(zhǔn)確得了解,為合理安排種植結(jié)構(gòu)、科學(xué)施肥、培肥提供依據(jù)。本次研究數(shù)據(jù)來自2010年吉林省耕地地力評價數(shù)據(jù),6169個耕地表層土壤采樣點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù),并利用GIS技術(shù)將吉林省土壤圖、土地利用現(xiàn)狀圖、行政區(qū)劃圖進(jìn)行疊加,形成圖斑作為評價單元。從氣候條件、立地條件、剖面性狀、理化性狀、養(yǎng)分狀況、土壤管理六大類中選取14個指標(biāo)作為吉林省耕地質(zhì)量的評價指標(biāo)。使用現(xiàn)在較成熟的耕地地力評價方法:模糊數(shù)學(xué)理論、特爾菲法、層次分析法等相結(jié)合對吉林省耕地質(zhì)量做出評價。并對我省養(yǎng)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行插值,得到各養(yǎng)分分級圖。評價結(jié)果顯示:從吉林省耕地劃分為九個等級,一~九等地面積所占比例分別為0.58%、3.41%、12.67%、14.73%、11.83%、15.02%、17.28%、20.02%和4.46%。一~三等地為高產(chǎn)田,主要分布在吉林省中部、長春和四平地區(qū),土壤類型以黑土為主。四~六等地為中產(chǎn)田,主要分布在吉林省西部松遼平原區(qū)的白城和松原地區(qū),土壤類型以黑鈣土為主。七~九等為低產(chǎn)田,要分布在吉林省西部壟狀沙丘覆蓋的沖積平原區(qū)的白城與松原地區(qū),及東部山地區(qū)的吉林、通化、白山、延邊地區(qū),土壤類型以風(fēng)沙土和暗棕壤為主。并根據(jù)耕地等級相應(yīng)提出針對性建議。有機(jī)質(zhì)含量主要為三、四級,呈自東向西逐漸遞減的趨勢。東部最高平均值為41.22g/kg,中部次之為25.17 g/kg,西部最低為15.82 g/kg。全氮含量主要為二、三級,東、中、西三個生態(tài)區(qū)的全氮含量和氮密度由東到西依次降低,全氮含量為東部最高2.43g/kg,中部次之為1.46 g/kg,西部最低為1.13 g/kg,氮密度為0.611 kg/m2、0.354 kg/m2和0.307kg/m2。有效磷含量主要為三、四級,含量由東到西逐漸減少,東中西平均含量分別為29.87mg/kg,24.94mg/kg和21.56mg/kg。速效鉀含量在二、三和四級,沒有一、五和六級,東、中、西三個生態(tài)區(qū)的速效鉀含量中部最高為128.05mg/kg,西部次之為125.31mg/kg,東部最低為125.10mg/kg。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land fertility is an important index to reflect the productive capacity of cultivated land, which directly affects the food security and economic development of our province. At present, some cities and counties in our province have made an evaluation of cultivated land. Because of the difference of research scope and region, the selection of indexes affecting cultivated land is also very different, and the methods are also different, so it is difficult and unscientific to sum up the evaluation results based on city and county. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the quality of cultivated land in our province, which can have a deeper and more accurate understanding of cultivated land in the province, and provide the basis for rational arrangement of planting structure, scientific fertilization and fertilization. The data of this study come from the evaluation data of cultivated land fertility in Jilin Province in 2010, and the data of 6169 surface soil sampling points of cultivated land. The soil map of Jilin Province, the map of land use status, and the map of administrative division are superimposed by using GIS technology. Form a pattern as an evaluation unit. According to climate condition, site condition, profile character, physical and chemical character, nutrient condition and soil management, 14 indexes were selected as evaluation index of cultivated land quality in Jilin province. The cultivated land quality in Jilin Province was evaluated by using the methods of fuzzy mathematics, Delphi and AHP. And the nutrient data of our province were interpolated to obtain the nutrient classification map. The evaluation results show that the proportion of farmland in Jilin Province is divided into nine grades, the proportion of land area of the first to ninth grade is 0.58 and the proportion is 3.41 and 12.67, and 14.733.83 and 15.02%, 20.02% and 4.46%, respectively. The first to third class land is a high-yielding field, mainly distributed in the middle of Jilin Province, Changchun and Siping areas. The soil type is mainly black soil. The fourth to sixth are middle yield fields, mainly distributed in Baicheng and Songyuan areas of Songliao Plain in the west of Jilin Province. The soil types are mainly calcareous soil. Seven to nine are low yield fields, which are distributed in Baicheng and Songyuan areas of alluvial plain area covered by ridge sand dunes in western Jilin Province, and Jilin, Tonghua, Baishan and Yanbian areas in eastern mountain area. The soil types are mainly windy sand soil and dark brown soil. According to the grade of cultivated land, the corresponding suggestions are put forward. The content of organic matter is mainly three and four, and the content of organic matter decreases gradually from east to west. The highest average value in the east was 41.22 g / kg, the second in the middle was 25.17 g / kg, and the lowest in the west was 15.82 g / kg. The total nitrogen content and nitrogen density decreased from east to west in order of two, three, east, middle and west ecological regions. The highest total nitrogen content was 2.43 g / kg in the east, the second was 1.46 g / kg in the middle, the lowest was 1.13 g / kg in the west, the nitrogen density was 0.611 kg / m ~ (2) 0.354 kg/m2 and 0.307 kg 路m ~ (2) 路m ~ (2). The content of available phosphorus was mainly three and four, and the content of available phosphorus decreased gradually from east to west. The average content of available phosphorus in east and west was 29.87 mg / kg, 24.94 mg / kg and 21.56 mg / kg, respectively. The content of available potassium in the second, third and fourth stages was not in the first, fifth and sixth grade, east, middle and west ecological regions, the highest available potassium content was 128.05 mg / kg in the middle, 125.31 mg / kg in the west, and the lowest in the east was 125.10 mg / kg 路kg ~ (-1).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S158

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