本文選題：轉(zhuǎn)基因作物 + 安全性評(píng)價(jià)��； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,人類工業(yè)化的進(jìn)展加快,導(dǎo)致環(huán)境污染、資源枯竭、生態(tài)失衡,嚴(yán)重破壞了人類生存環(huán)境。轉(zhuǎn)基因作物在給人類創(chuàng)造巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的同時(shí),也對生物的多樣性安全和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡形成了一定程度的破壞,這也是作為一項(xiàng)高新科技所無法回避的問題。從轉(zhuǎn)基因作物誕生開始,圍繞其利弊的爭議就從未中斷,爭議的焦點(diǎn)主要圍繞其是否對人類健康和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成危害而產(chǎn)生。就現(xiàn)實(shí)而言,轉(zhuǎn)基因作物作為一種“非自然”的基因轉(zhuǎn)移產(chǎn)物必然會(huì)對傳統(tǒng)的生態(tài)平衡造成一定的破壞,至于這種破壞對人類發(fā)展究竟會(huì)帶來怎樣的惡果,目前尚無定論。不過,在遵循預(yù)先防范的原則之下,對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物進(jìn)行全方位的安全評(píng)估是保障人類生命和健康權(quán)的必要之舉。從當(dāng)前現(xiàn)實(shí)來看,我們應(yīng)該放下爭議,轉(zhuǎn)而思考如何引導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)基因作物朝著有利于人類社會(huì)的方向發(fā)展,進(jìn)一步發(fā)掘轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的巨大潛力,減少轉(zhuǎn)基因作物安全性方面的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和威脅,使其更好地為人類的生存和發(fā)展服務(wù)。基于此,轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的發(fā)展該如何平衡生態(tài)惡化與糧食安全、轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的安全性評(píng)價(jià)體系該如何建立、轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的專利該以何種方式保護(hù)、轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的倫理困境該如何突破等難題是促使本文得以形成的重要原因。本文主要從科技哲學(xué)的角度出發(fā),嘗試對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的潛在效益和可能風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、轉(zhuǎn)基因作物導(dǎo)致的問題所在以及相關(guān)原因進(jìn)行分析,規(guī)避人們對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的妖魔化或者神話,使人們對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的認(rèn)識(shí)趨于理性,為今后轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的研究發(fā)展提供科學(xué)支撐。文章分五個(gè)部分展開論述。第一章引言部分,對本文的選題背景作了簡要介紹,包括選題依據(jù)、研究目的、國內(nèi)外研究的現(xiàn)狀及綜述、研究的思路和方法以及論文的創(chuàng)新與不足。轉(zhuǎn)基因作物問題產(chǎn)生的原因較為復(fù)雜,以往對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的研究,主要集中在生物技術(shù)學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、環(huán)境安全等角度,本文另辟蹺徑,從科技哲學(xué)的角度分析了當(dāng)前轉(zhuǎn)基因作物發(fā)展方面存在的問題,揭示轉(zhuǎn)基因作物問題的本質(zhì)和產(chǎn)生原因,為轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展嘗試性的提供建設(shè)性的建議。第二章是轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的發(fā)展與展望。由于轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的發(fā)展對人類和社會(huì)的影響不可估量,轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的研究一直是國際社會(huì)研究的重點(diǎn)問題之一,本章首先對生物技術(shù)、轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)、轉(zhuǎn)基因作物等概念作了界定。然后對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀做了概述。接著,文章從轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的潛在效益和潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)出發(fā)分析了轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的影響。最后簡明闡述了轉(zhuǎn)基因作物研究發(fā)展趨勢和特點(diǎn)。目前來看,轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的發(fā)展態(tài)勢良好,但是由于地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平、農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、基因技術(shù)積累、民眾風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)等方面各不相同,各國對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的管理政策也有較大差異。如果各國能了解影響社會(huì)各主體在轉(zhuǎn)基因作物上的認(rèn)知因素,加深對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的社會(huì)認(rèn)知研究,會(huì)促使各國對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物上的政策制定上更有張力,更有操作性,也更容易取得積極的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。第三章對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物問題的外在表現(xiàn)及本質(zhì)做了詳細(xì)分析,由于轉(zhuǎn)基因作物蘊(yùn)含著巨大的發(fā)展?jié)摿?且隱藏著未知的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),對人類生活的影響日益加重,且科學(xué)界不斷出現(xiàn)一些新的實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù),國際社會(huì)對于轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了激烈的爭論。人們對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的爭議,主要圍繞其是否對人類健康和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成危害而產(chǎn)生,目前集中表現(xiàn)在對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的安全性評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、食品標(biāo)識(shí)和生物專利三個(gè)方面。不管是對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的安全性評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和標(biāo)識(shí)問題的爭議,還是對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物專利授予的爭議,歸根到底就是轉(zhuǎn)基因作物對公眾健康和生命安全、公眾權(quán)利以及社會(huì)公正所造成的影響所導(dǎo)致的。本章對這些問題的外在表現(xiàn)及其本質(zhì)進(jìn)行了分析,并探討了爭議的主要核心是什么。通過這些,使我們形成了對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的理性認(rèn)識(shí),為找到正確的解決途徑指明方向。第四章重點(diǎn)剖析了轉(zhuǎn)基因作物問題產(chǎn)生的原因。任何新事物的產(chǎn)生,都會(huì)遭到人們的懷疑和質(zhì)問。作為一項(xiàng)新事物,轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的出現(xiàn),會(huì)引發(fā)人們的關(guān)注和疑慮也是必然的,從表面來看,轉(zhuǎn)基因作物問題的爭議是科學(xué)范圍內(nèi)的爭論,爭論的主題是其安全性問題。然而轉(zhuǎn)基因作物問題的產(chǎn)生并非是如此簡單,除了其本身的有限性和兩面性決定了爭議的出現(xiàn),經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的驅(qū)使和對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的社會(huì)問題更是對這場爭論起到了推波助瀾的作用。這些問題的產(chǎn)生都有著深刻的原因,科學(xué)技術(shù)自身的限制以及社會(huì)和文化方面的因素也加劇了這些問題。通過對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物相關(guān)問題產(chǎn)生的原因進(jìn)行透析,才能找出發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的正確途徑,既能維護(hù)人類的整體利益,也能使轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的潛力得到充分發(fā)揮,達(dá)到人和自然和諧發(fā)展的雙贏局面。最后,文章從科技哲學(xué)的角度出發(fā),分析了我們究竟應(yīng)該怎樣對待轉(zhuǎn)基因作物,如何引導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)基因作物朝著有利于人類社會(huì)的方向發(fā)展,合理地處理轉(zhuǎn)基因作物與人的關(guān)系,使二者實(shí)現(xiàn)有機(jī)統(tǒng)一。根據(jù)前文中對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物問題產(chǎn)生原因的分析,相應(yīng)提出了立足科技促發(fā)展、實(shí)現(xiàn)堅(jiān)持科技和人性的有機(jī)統(tǒng)一、堅(jiān)持可持續(xù)發(fā)展原則、轉(zhuǎn)變思維方式以及強(qiáng)化科學(xué)家的倫理原則和道德規(guī)范等對策,為從根本上解決轉(zhuǎn)基因作物問題提供一種思路。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern science and technology, the progress of human industrialization has been accelerated, resulting in environmental pollution, exhaustion of resources and ecological imbalance, which seriously disrupt the living environment of human beings. While genetically modified crops have created enormous economic benefits for human beings, it has also formed a certain degree of destruction to the biodiversity and the balance of biological systems. This is also the case. The controversy over its advantages and disadvantages has never been interrupted since the birth of genetically modified crops. The focus of the dispute is on whether it is harmful to human health and the ecosystem. In reality, genetically modified crops will inevitably be transmitted as a "non natural" gene transfer product. The ecological balance of the system has caused a certain damage, and there is no final conclusion on what kind of evil that this destruction will bring to human development. However, under the precautionary principle, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive safety assessment of genetically modified crops as a guarantee of human life and health. Put down the dispute and think about how to guide genetically modified crops to develop in the direction of human society, to further explore the potential of genetically modified crops, to reduce the risks and threats of the safety of genetically modified crops, to better serve the survival and development of human beings. How to establish the safety evaluation system of genetically modified crops, how to establish the safety evaluation system of genetically modified crops, how to protect the patents of genetically modified crops, how to break through the ethical dilemma of genetically modified crops, and how to break through this paper. This paper tries to explore the potential of genetically modified crops from the perspective of scientific and technological philosophy. In terms of benefits and possible risks, the problems caused by genetically modified crops and related reasons are analyzed to avoid the demonize or mythology of genetically modified crops, to make people's understanding of genetically modified crops rational and to provide scientific support for the research and development of transgenic crops in the future. The article is divided into five parts. In the introduction, the background of this paper is briefly introduced, including the basis of the topic, the purpose of the study, the present situation and summary of the research at home and abroad, the ideas and methods of the research, and the innovation and deficiency of the paper. The reasons for the production of transgenic crops are more complex. From the point of view of society and environmental security, this paper analyzes the existing problems in the development of transgenic crops from the perspective of philosophy of science and technology, reveals the essence and causes of the problem of genetically modified crops, and provides constructive suggestions for the further development of genetically modified crops. The second chapter is the development and development of GM crops. Due to the immeasurable impact of the development of transgenic crops on human and society, the research of genetically modified crops has been one of the key issues in the international community. Firstly, the concepts of biotechnology, transgenic technology and genetically modified crops are defined. Then, the development status of transgenic crops is summarized. On the basis of the potential and potential risks of genetic crops, the influence of genetically modified crops is analyzed. Finally, the development trend and characteristics of transgenic crops are briefly described. At present, the development trend of GM crops is good, but the development level of regional economy, agricultural development, genetic technology accumulation and public risk awareness are also discussed. Different countries have great differences in the management policies of genetically modified crops. If countries can understand the cognitive factors that affect the social subjects on genetically modified crops and deepen the research on the social cognition of genetically modified crops, it will lead countries to make more tension, more operational, and easier access to the policy formulation of genetically modified crops. The third chapter makes a detailed analysis of the external manifestations and nature of the problem of genetically modified crops. Because the genetically modified crops have great potential for development, the unknown risks are hidden, the impact on human life is increasing, and some new experimental evidence has been found in the scientific community. There is a heated debate on the development of genetically modified crops, mainly about whether they are harmful to human health and the ecosystem. At present, there are three aspects of the safety evaluation criteria for genetically modified crops, food labeling and biological patents. In the final analysis, the controversies of the identification problem or the patents granted to genetically modified crops are, in the final analysis, the effects of genetically modified crops on public health and life safety, public rights and social justice. This chapter analyses the external manifestations and essence of these problems, and discusses the main core of the dispute. Through these, we have formed a rational understanding of genetically modified crops and pointed out the direction for finding a correct solution. The fourth chapter focuses on the causes of the problem of genetically modified crops. The emergence of any new thing will be questioned and questioned by people. As a new thing, the emergence of genetically modified crops will lead to people. Concerns and doubts are also inevitable. On the surface, the issue of genetically modified crops is an argument within the scope of science. The theme of the debate is its safety. However, the production of genetically modified crops is not so simple as to determine the emergence of the dispute, the economic benefits and the turn base, in addition to its own limited and dual nature. The social problems of crops have played an important role in this debate. These problems have profound reasons, the limitations of science and technology, and the social and cultural factors also aggravate these problems. Through the analysis of the causes of the related problems of genetically modified crops, we can find the development of the transformation. The correct way of crops can not only safeguard the overall interests of human beings, but also make the potential of genetically modified crops fully exploited to achieve a win-win situation of harmonious development between human and nature. Finally, from the perspective of scientific and technological philosophy, the article analyzes how we should treat transgenic crops and how to guide genetically modified crops to be beneficial. In the direction of human society, the relationship between genetically modified crops and human beings is properly handled and the two people are unified. According to the analysis of the causes of the problem of genetically modified crops in the previous article, it is proposed that the development of science and technology should be promoted, the organic unity of Science and technology and human nature, the principle of sustainable development, the change of thinking mode and the strength of the two are put forward. The ethical principles and moral norms of chemical scientists provide a way to fundamentally solve the problem of genetically modified crops.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：N02;S188

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