本文選題：巖溶山地 + 土壤厚度�。� 參考：《昆明理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國是世界上遭受巖溶石漠化危害最嚴重的國家之一,云南省是我國遭受石漠化危害的八個省其中之一。云南省巖溶面積約為11.09萬平方公里,為全省土地面積的28.93%。巖溶石漠化導致嚴重的水土流失,植被覆蓋度降低,耕地面積不斷減少等生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,嚴重威脅我國西南巖溶山地的生態(tài)環(huán)境安全。土壤厚度直接制約巖溶山地植被的生長狀況,直觀地反映巖溶山地的水土流失情況。通過人工方式可以改善、調(diào)整土壤質(zhì)量,而土壤厚度的減少卻不能在短時間內(nèi)恢復。因此,對巖溶山地土壤厚度空間分布特征的探測與模型模擬研究是巖溶山地石漠化綜合治理工程能否合理布局的重要依據(jù)與基礎研究。論文以典型巖溶山地云南省文山州八寶鎮(zhèn)為研究區(qū)。在分析研究區(qū)土地利用狀況的基礎上,確定研究對象為集中在研究區(qū)內(nèi)主要分布的耕地、林地和裸地三大地類的土壤厚度特征。依據(jù)研究區(qū)各地類的分布情況、地類特點,分別選取3個具有不同主體類型代表性的樣地進行研究。具體研究中,首先經(jīng)野外土壤厚度調(diào)查,測得各樣地的土壤厚度數(shù)據(jù),并利用直方圖和正態(tài)QQ圖對各樣地的土壤厚度數(shù)據(jù)進行正態(tài)分布檢驗。在此基礎上,對各樣地進行土壤厚度異質(zhì)性分析,包括描述性統(tǒng)計分析、空間變異性和趨勢分析。論文研究工作內(nèi)容及主要成果包括：1)利用描述性統(tǒng)計分析方法,實現(xiàn)了對各樣地的土壤厚度數(shù)據(jù)進行總體的統(tǒng)計分布分析；2)運用空間變異性分析,對各樣地土壤厚度進行K-S非參數(shù)檢驗,在確定數(shù)據(jù)為正態(tài)分布的情況下,完成了對各樣地進行土壤厚度數(shù)據(jù)的空間結構分析。3)綜合運用趨勢分析方法,主要揭示了研究區(qū)各樣地土壤厚度空間分布的總體規(guī)律,反映其在空間區(qū)域上變化的主要特征,為在之后的空間插值建模中可以方便的剔除全局趨勢。論文研究工作的重點與創(chuàng)新主要是體現(xiàn)在上述分析基礎上,分別采用了反距離加權插值、局部多項式插值、全局多項式插值和徑向基函數(shù)插值4種確定性插值方法,以及普通克里格插值、簡單克里格插值、泛克里格插值和協(xié)同克里格4種地統(tǒng)計插值方法,較為深化的對各樣地土壤厚度數(shù)據(jù)進行空間插值建模與模型模擬分析,并采用交叉檢驗和驗證數(shù)據(jù)集檢驗對各樣地土壤厚度空間插值結果進行精度檢驗及對比分析,得到能反映研究區(qū)中典型巖溶山特征的三種典型地類的最優(yōu)空間插值方法。泛克里格插值為耕地土壤厚度插值模擬的最優(yōu)方法,泛克里格插值方法為林地土壤厚度插值模擬的最優(yōu)方法。徑向基函數(shù)(平面樣條函數(shù))為裸地土壤厚度插值模擬的最優(yōu)方法。
[Abstract]:China is one of the countries most seriously affected by karst rocky desertification in the world, and Yunnan Province is one of the eight provinces in China. The karst area of Yunnan Province is about 110900 square kilometers, which is 28.93% of the province's land area. Karst rocky desertification leads to serious soil and water loss, low vegetation coverage, decreasing cultivated land area, and other ecological environmental problems, which seriously threaten the ecological environment safety of karst mountains in southwest China. Soil thickness directly restricts the growth of vegetation in karst mountainous areas and directly reflects the soil and water loss in karst mountainous areas. The soil quality can be improved and adjusted by artificial means, but the reduction of soil thickness can not be restored in a short time. Therefore, the study on the spatial distribution of soil thickness in karst mountainous area is an important basis and basic research for the rational layout of the comprehensive control project of rocky desertification in karst mountainous area. This paper takes the typical karst mountain area of Wenshan, Yunnan Province as the research area. Based on the analysis of the land use status in the study area, the soil thickness characteristics of the three major land types, namely, cultivated land, woodland and bare land, which are mainly distributed in the study area, are determined. According to the distribution of the classes and the characteristics of the ground in the study area, three representative plots with different main types were selected for the study. In the specific study, the soil thickness data of each land were measured by field soil thickness investigation, and the normal distribution of soil thickness data was tested by histogram and normal QQ map. On this basis, soil thickness heterogeneity analysis, including descriptive statistical analysis, spatial variability and trend analysis were carried out. The contents and main results of this paper include: (1) the use of descriptive statistical analysis method to realize the overall statistical distribution analysis of soil thickness data in various lands. (2) the use of spatial variability analysis. K-S nonparametric test was carried out on the soil thickness of various plots. Under the condition that the data were normal distribution, the spatial structure analysis of soil thickness data was completed. 3) the comprehensive trend analysis method was used. This paper mainly reveals the general law of the spatial distribution of soil thickness in the study area, and reflects the main characteristics of its variation in the spatial region, which can conveniently eliminate the global trend in the later spatial interpolation modeling. The emphasis and innovation of this paper are mainly embodied in the above analysis. Four deterministic interpolation methods, namely inverse distance weighted interpolation, local polynomial interpolation, global polynomial interpolation and radial basis function interpolation, are adopted respectively. And four geostatistical interpolation methods, such as ordinary Kriging interpolation, simple Kriging interpolation, Pan Kriging interpolation and Cooperative Kriging interpolation, are used to model and simulate the soil thickness data. By using cross-test and validation data set test, the accuracy test and comparative analysis of spatial interpolation results of soil thickness in various plots were carried out, and three optimal spatial interpolation methods for three typical land types were obtained, which can reflect the characteristics of typical karst mountains in the study area. Pan Kriging interpolation is the best method to simulate the soil thickness of cultivated land, and the pan Kriging interpolation method is the best method to simulate the soil thickness of woodland. The radial basis function (plane spline function) is the best method for soil thickness interpolation.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S157

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