本文選題：根系分布 + 土壤抗剪性能　； 參考：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究通過樣地挖掘調(diào)查和室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)測定分析相結(jié)合的方法,研究了北京鷲峰國家森林公園油松和栓皮櫟林地中不同深度土層的根系含量分布與各層土壤力學(xué)、物理、化學(xué)性質(zhì)的關(guān)系和變化規(guī)律。確定了林木根系的固土作用以及植被根系對土壤理化性質(zhì)的改良作用,綜合以上調(diào)查分析結(jié)果,得出如下研究結(jié)論。(1)油松和栓皮櫟的各徑級根系生物量整體趨勢為逐層減小,且各徑級根系在表層0～30 cm的生物量明顯高于下層土壤；兩種植被類型中直徑大于5 mm的粗根系在大部分土層中均占主導(dǎo)地位；兩種植被類型根系的0～2 mm徑級根系在各層土壤中均有分布,且各層生物量與土層深度呈指數(shù)函數(shù)關(guān)系；兩種植被類型的各層根系總生物量也與土層深度呈指數(shù)函數(shù)關(guān)系。(2)素土的黏聚力隨土層的加深而增大,而加入了根系的土體的內(nèi)黏聚力卻因?yàn)楦瞪锪康闹饘訙p小而隨深度增大而逐漸減小,與素土的情況完全相反；土壤黏聚力與土體中含根量以及土層深度都存在線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系；素土與根-土復(fù)合體的土壤內(nèi)摩擦角隨土層的加深變化不大,且沒有明顯變化規(guī)律。隨著土層的加深以及根系生物量的逐層減小,不同含根量系列中土壤黏聚力也都呈現(xiàn)出逐層減小的趨勢；而深層土壤中由于根系含量較上層土層少,因此土壤黏聚力也比上層土壤小,但在所添加根系的生物量相差不大時(shí),用深層土壤所塑造的根土復(fù)合體較淺層的內(nèi)黏聚力更大；土壤黏聚力與土體中含根量存在線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系,但不同含根量系列的土壤內(nèi)摩擦角的變化不大,且沒有明顯變化規(guī)律。(3)樣地中土壤的含水率與油松各土層2-5 mm徑級根系生物量和栓皮櫟各土層根系總生物量的相關(guān)性最顯著；根系所產(chǎn)生的有機(jī)物能有效降低土壤容重,因而土壤容重隨著土層中根系生物量的減少而降低；土壤非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和總孔隙度都隨著根系生物量的減小而減小的,這是由于根系的機(jī)械穿插所導(dǎo)致的；根系對土壤粒徑組成的影響則主要是增加了土壤中0.02 mm粒徑的小顆粒物含量。(4)油松和栓皮櫟根系對林地土壤中各層間的化學(xué)養(yǎng)分含量有累積作用,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、速效氮、全鉀、速效鉀等養(yǎng)分含量隨土層的加深而降低；表層0-10 cm土壤氮素與鉀素含量都顯著高于下層土壤；而深層土壤中有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、速效氮、全鉀、速效鉀等養(yǎng)分含量的變化較小,且各層之間的差別并不明顯。隨土層的加深,各土層之間全磷與速效磷含量差異較小,油松和栓皮櫟林地全磷與速效磷含量變化規(guī)律不明顯。(5)根系對土壤性質(zhì)的影響主要來自于三方面：根系本身的機(jī)械物理作用對土壤性質(zhì)產(chǎn)生的影響；根系所產(chǎn)生的有機(jī)物對土壤性質(zhì)的影響；根系影響區(qū)所聚集的土壤生物的活動對土壤的影響。
[Abstract]:In this study, the distribution of root content in different depth soil layers and soil mechanics and physics in different layers of forest land in Jiufeng National Forest Park of Beijing were studied by means of sample excavation and laboratory experiment. The relationship and variation of chemical properties. The effects of soil consolidation of forest roots and the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties by vegetation roots were determined. The results of the above investigation and analysis showed that the overall trend of root biomass of Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus variabilis decreased layer by layer, and the results showed that the total root biomass of Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus variabilis decreased gradually. The biomass of 0 ~ 30 cm root system in the surface layer was significantly higher than that in the lower soil layer, and the coarse root system with diameter of more than 5 mm was dominant in most soil layers of the two vegetation types. The 0 ~ 2 mm diameter roots of two vegetation types were distributed in each layer of soil, and the biomass of each layer was exponentially related to the depth of soil layer. The total root biomass of each layer of the two vegetation types is exponential function relation to the depth of soil layer.) the cohesion of the soil increases with the deepening of the soil layer, and the relationship between the total root biomass of the two vegetation types and the depth of the soil layer is also exponential. However, the cohesion of soil with root system decreased gradually with the increase of root biomass, which was completely opposite to that of plain soil. There was a linear positive correlation between soil cohesion and soil root content and soil depth, and the angle of soil friction between pristine soil and root-soil complex changed little with the deepening of soil layer, and there was no obvious change rule. With the deepening of soil layer and the decrease of root biomass, the cohesive force of soil in different root content series also showed a decreasing trend, but the root content in deep soil was less than that in upper layer. Therefore, the cohesion of the soil is smaller than that of the upper soil, but when the biomass of the added roots is not different, the root soil complex created by the deep soil is more cohesive than that of the shallow layer. There was a linear positive correlation between soil cohesion and soil root content, but there was little change in soil friction angle among different root series. The correlation between soil moisture content and root biomass of 2-5 mm diameter and total root biomass of Quercus variabilis was the most significant, and organic matter produced by roots could effectively reduce the bulk density of soil. Therefore, the bulk density of soil decreases with the decrease of root biomass, and the soil non-capillary porosity, capillary porosity and total porosity decrease with the decrease of root biomass, which is caused by the mechanical insertion of root system. The effect of root system on soil particle size composition was mainly caused by the accumulation of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available nitrogen by the root system of Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus variabilis. The contents of total potassium, available potassium and other nutrients decreased with the deepening of the soil layer, the contents of nitrogen and potassium in the surface 0-10 cm soil were significantly higher than those in the lower soil, while the organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total potassium in the deep soil were significantly higher than those in the lower soil. The change of available potassium and other nutrient content is small, and the difference between layers is not obvious. With the deepening of soil layer, there was little difference between total phosphorus and available phosphorus in each soil layer. The change of total phosphorus and available phosphorus content in Pinus tabulaeformis and Quercus variabilis forest is not obvious. 5) the effects of root system on soil properties are mainly from three aspects: the effect of mechanical and physical action of roots on soil properties; The effects of organic matter produced by roots on soil properties and the activities of soil organisms gathered in the affected areas of roots on soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S714

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