發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-14 20:00

  本文選題：凍融作用 + 無機(jī)磷形態(tài)��； 參考：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：東北黑土區(qū)平均日、年溫差較大,春季解凍期凍融交替頻繁持續(xù)時(shí)間較長,該時(shí)期凍融作用對土壤磷素轉(zhuǎn)化、遷移和流失有較大影響。磷素是作物生長所需要的重要微量元素,同時(shí)也決定著土壤生產(chǎn)力。無機(jī)磷是土壤磷素主要組成部分,無機(jī)磷各形態(tài)含量是土壤有效磷含量多少的決定性因素。凍融作用是影響無機(jī)磷賦存與轉(zhuǎn)化重要因素之一,對土壤磷素的有效性及其含量有著直接或間接的影響。磷肥施入土壤后發(fā)生了系列的物理化學(xué)過程進(jìn)而影響其對作物的有效性,本試驗(yàn)采用室內(nèi)模擬春季解凍期凍融環(huán)境,以東北黑土為研究對象,研究凍融循環(huán)次數(shù)(FTC)、土壤含水率(W)和土壤有效磷背景值(APb)對鋁磷(A1-P)、鐵磷(Fe-P)、閉蓄態(tài)磷(O-P)和鈣磷(Ca-P)含量的影響,根據(jù)上述研究得出無機(jī)磷形態(tài)在三種因素條件下的變化規(guī)律以及與有效磷Olsen-P的線性關(guān)系,得出作物生長的磷肥需求量及所需的最適土壤含水量,以及土壤磷素狀況以及潛在的環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。取得的主要結(jié)論如下：(1)凍融循環(huán)次數(shù)(FTC)對四種無機(jī)磷形態(tài)的影響凍融循環(huán)過程中,0～5次循環(huán)無機(jī)磷各形態(tài)含量變化較為劇烈,隨著循環(huán)次數(shù)增加,其含量變化逐漸趨于平緩,且相鄰凍融循環(huán)處理之間各形態(tài)大部分都達(dá)到顯著性差異。方差分析得出,凍融循環(huán)次數(shù)對無機(jī)磷各形態(tài)絕對含量增量的影響占主導(dǎo)地位。(2)土壤含水率(W)對四種無機(jī)磷形態(tài)的影響凍融循環(huán)過程中,四種無機(jī)磷形態(tài)含水率為40%、50%和60%時(shí)變化規(guī)律較為相近。含水率為40%時(shí)凍融前后絕對含量差值變化最大,Al-P、 Fe-P和Ca-P分別為6.88 mg·kg-1、8.18 mg·kg-1和7.5 mg·kg-1,含水率為30%時(shí),閉蓄態(tài)磷O-P絕對含量差值變化最大,為36.3 mg·kg-1。方差分析得出,在整個(gè)凍融循環(huán)過程中,含水率除對閉蓄態(tài)磷O-P沒有達(dá)到顯著影響外,對其他三種無機(jī)磷形態(tài)都達(dá)顯著性影響。(3)土壤有效磷背景值(APb)對四種無機(jī)磷形態(tài)的影響凍融循環(huán)過程中,增加有效磷背景值會直接增加四種無機(jī)磷形態(tài)絕對含量,凍融循環(huán)后無機(jī)磷各形態(tài)絕對含量大小為O-PFe-PAl-PCa-P。有效磷背景值在40 mg·kg-1～100 mg·kg-1區(qū)間規(guī)律性明顯,在80 mg·kg-1時(shí)凍融前后含量差值變化最大Al-P、Fe-P、O-P和Ca-P分別為9.37 mg·kg-1、5.44 mg·kg-1、60.77 mg·kg-1和7.44 mg.kg-1。方差分析得出有效磷背景值對無機(jī)磷各形態(tài)絕對含量的影響占主導(dǎo)地位。(4)無機(jī)磷各形態(tài)有效性四種無機(jī)磷形態(tài)的含量與有效磷的含量進(jìn)行相關(guān)分析得出無機(jī)磷各形態(tài)有效性大小為Al-PFe-PCa-PO-P;在相關(guān)分析的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合通徑分析得出,Al-P和Fe-P為有效磷源,并且直接影響有效磷含量；閉蓄態(tài)磷O-P和Ca-P通過Al-P間接影響有效磷含量。Olsen-P (Y)與有效磷源Al-P (X1)、Fe-P(X2)得出的線性關(guān)系為：Y= (0.021X2+0.228) X1-(0.028X2-0.149) X2-(0.104X2-3.486X+36.994)。
[Abstract]:In the black soil area of Northeast China, the average daily temperature difference is large, the annual temperature difference is large, and the alternate freezing and thawing period in spring is longer. The freezing and thawing process in this period has a great influence on the transformation, migration and loss of soil phosphorus. Phosphorus is an important trace element for crop growth and also determines soil productivity. Inorganic phosphorus is the main component of soil phosphorus, and the content of inorganic phosphorus forms is the decisive factor of soil available phosphorus content. Freezing and thawing is one of the important factors affecting the storage and transformation of inorganic phosphorus, which has a direct or indirect effect on the availability and content of phosphorus in soil. A series of physical and chemical processes occurred after the application of phosphate fertilizer into the soil, which affected the effectiveness of the plant. In this experiment, the freezing and thawing environment during the spring thawing period was simulated in laboratory, and the black soil in the northeast of China was taken as the research object. The effects of freeze-thaw cycles (FTC), soil moisture content (W) and soil available phosphorus background value (APB) on the contents of Aluminophosphorus (A1-PN), Fe (P) (P), P (O) (P), and Ca (P) (Ca-P) were studied. According to the above study, the variation rule of inorganic phosphorus form under three factors and the linear relationship between inorganic phosphorus form and available phosphorus Olsen-P were obtained, and the demand of phosphorus fertilizer for crop growth and the optimum soil water content were obtained. And soil phosphorus status and potential environmental risks. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the effects of freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) on the four inorganic phosphorus forms during freeze-thaw cycles, the contents of inorganic phosphorus in five cycles of freeze-thaw cycles change sharply, and with the increase of cycling times, the contents of inorganic phosphorus change gradually. And most of the forms of the adjacent freeze-thaw cycle treatment reached significant difference. The variance analysis showed that the effect of freezing and thawing cycle times on the absolute content increment of inorganic phosphorus was dominant. (2) soil moisture content (W2) affected the four inorganic phosphorus forms during freeze-thaw cycle. The water content of the four inorganic phosphorus forms is 40% and 60% respectively. When the water content was 40, the difference of absolute content of Al-P, Fe-P and Ca-P was 6.88 mg / kg ~ (-1), 8.18 mg / kg-1 and 7.5 mg / kg ~ (-1), respectively. When the water content was 30 mg / L, the difference of absolute content of closed storage phosphorus O-P was the biggest (36.3 mg / kg ~ (-1). The variance analysis shows that, during the whole freeze-thaw cycle, the moisture content has no significant effect on the closed storage phosphorus O-P. Effect of soil available phosphorus background value on the four inorganic phosphorus forms; during freeze-thaw cycle, the absolute content of four inorganic phosphorus forms increased directly by increasing the background value of available phosphorus. The absolute content of inorganic phosphorus was O-PFe-PAl-PCa-P after freeze-thaw cycle. The background value of available phosphorus was regular in the range of 40 mg kg-1~100 mg kg-1, and the maximum variation of content difference between freezing and thawing was 9.37 mg / kg ~ (-1) mg 路kg ~ (-1) ~ 5.44 mg 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1) kg-1 and 7.44 mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1), respectively. The analysis of variance shows that the background value of available phosphorus has a dominant effect on the absolute content of inorganic phosphorus forms. (4) the contents of four kinds of inorganic phosphorus forms and the contents of available phosphorus forms are related to each other. On the basis of correlation analysis and path analysis, it was found that Al-P and Fe-P were effective phosphorus sources. The linear relationship between closed phosphorus O-P and Ca-P indirectly affecting available phosphorus content through Al-P and available phosphorus source Al-P X _ (1) P _ (1) O _ (2) and Fe _ (PX _ (2) is as follows: (1) Y = 0.021X _ (2 0.228) X _ (1) ~ (0.028) X _ (2-0.149) X2-(0.104X2-3.486X 36.994m) (P = 0. 021X _ (2) 0.228) (P = 0. 021X _ (2) 0.228) (P = 0. 021).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S153.6

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