本文選題：旱地土 + 稻田土　； 參考：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤微生物對土壤氮素的調(diào)控行為已成為農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究關(guān)注的重點之一。本研究以亞熱帶地區(qū)典型旱地與稻田土壤為對象,通過添加生物質(zhì)炭、秸稈、’5N標記硫酸銨和HC標記葡萄糖等,在溫度25℃、空氣相對濕度100%條件下進行室內(nèi)培養(yǎng),研究了亞熱帶地區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤微生物生物量、周轉(zhuǎn)特征及氮素轉(zhuǎn)化的差異。主要研究結(jié)果如下：添加’5N標記硫酸銨與14C標記葡萄糖,研究農(nóng)田土壤微生物生物量、周轉(zhuǎn)特征及氮素轉(zhuǎn)化特征結(jié)果指出：1)添加葡萄糖,從均值上看使金井鎮(zhèn)與桃源縣早地土壤微生物生物量碳(microbial biomass carbon, MBC)含量比CK分別增加了126.0%、142.1%,稻田土壤MBC含量分別增加了72.8%、36.6%；添加硫酸銨,在培養(yǎng)過程中使金井鎮(zhèn)與桃源縣旱地土壤MBN含量比CK增加了10.1%-109.5%、12.8%-170.0%,稻田土壤微生物生物量氮(microbial biomass nitrogen, MBN)含量與CK相比,僅在前10d有顯著影響；添加硫酸銨與葡萄糖混合液在培養(yǎng)過程中,使金井鎮(zhèn)與桃源縣早地土壤MBN含量比CK增加了6.3%-356.7%、48.5%-316.6%,稻田土壤MBN含量與CK相比,同樣僅在前10d有顯著影響。2)金井鎮(zhèn)與桃源縣旱地土壤MBC的周轉(zhuǎn)時間分別為357 d和370 d,稻田土壤MBC的周轉(zhuǎn)時間分別為132 d和137 d；金井鎮(zhèn)與桃源縣早地土壤MBN的周轉(zhuǎn)時間分別為238 d和204 d,稻田土壤MBN的周轉(zhuǎn)時間分別為111 d和115 d。3)旱地土與稻田土添加外源碳和氮,在培養(yǎng)結(jié)束時,與CK相比,均增加了土壤的礦化氮量,其中旱地土礦化氮量隨著培養(yǎng)時間的延長呈現(xiàn)出先逐漸升高后趨于穩(wěn)定的態(tài)勢,而稻田土礦化氮量隨著培養(yǎng)時間的延長則呈現(xiàn)出先升高、后降低、再趨于穩(wěn)定的態(tài)勢。這些結(jié)果表明,添加硫酸銨與葡萄糖增加了土壤的礦化氮量,使早地和稻田土壤總微生物生物量增加,且在旱地土壤中效果較為明顯：早地土壤微生物生物量的周轉(zhuǎn)時間比稻田土長,土壤MBN的周轉(zhuǎn)快于土壤MBC。添加生物質(zhì)炭與秸稈,研究農(nóng)田土壤MBC、MBN含量及氮素轉(zhuǎn)化差異結(jié)果指出：1)添加生物質(zhì)炭,與CK相比,在培養(yǎng)結(jié)束時,使桃源縣旱地土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)含量,增加了34.6%；使桃源縣旱地土壤MBN含量增加了163.1%,稻田土壤微生物生物量氮(MBN)增加了23.0%；同時,添加生物質(zhì)炭使桃源縣旱地與稻田土的礦化氮量在培養(yǎng)期內(nèi)高于CK。2)添加秸稈,與CK相比,桃源縣早地土壤MBC和MBN含量分別增加了90.4%和203.8%,水稻MBC和MBN含量分別增加了13.4%和19.9%；同時,添加秸稈使旱地土的礦化氮量在培養(yǎng)期內(nèi)低于CK,而稻田土礦化氮量與CK差異不大。這些結(jié)果表明,生物質(zhì)炭添加可將旱地土MBC和MBN維持在較高水平,而對稻田土MBC和MBN的促進作用不如旱地土；同時,生物質(zhì)炭添加能增加早地和稻田土壤的礦化氮量,表現(xiàn)出對土壤供氮能力有促進作用。秸稈添加對早地土和稻田土MBC和MBN均有促進作用,且對MBC的影響程度大于生物質(zhì)炭的添加；然而,秸稈添加可使稻田土礦化氮量明顯少于CK對照組。上述結(jié)論可為農(nóng)田土壤管理方式的改進,環(huán)境污染的阻控和有機物資源合理利用等提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Soil microbial regulation of soil nitrogen has become one of the focus of agro ecological research. In this study, the typical dry land and paddy soil in the subtropical region were taken as the object. By adding biomass carbon, straw, '5N' labeled ammonium sulfate and HC labeled glucose, the laboratory culture was carried out under the condition of temperature 25, and air relative humidity 100%. The microbial biomass, turnover characteristics and the difference of nitrogen transformation of farmland soil in subtropical areas were studied. The main results were as follows: adding '5N labeled ammonium sulfate and 14C labeled glucose, studying the microbial biomass, turnover characteristics and nitrogen transformation characteristics of farmland soil pointed out: 1) adding glucose to Jinji town from the mean value The content of soil microbial biomass carbon (microbial biomass carbon, MBC) in the early soil of Taoyuan county was increased by 126%, 142.1%, and MBC content in paddy soil increased by 72.8%, 36.6% respectively. In the process of adding ammonium sulfate, the MBN content in Dryland Soil of Jin well town and Taoyuan county increased 10.1%-109.5%, 12.8%-170.0%, and paddy soil soil in the course of culture. Compared with CK, microbial biomass nitrogen (microbial biomass nitrogen, MBN) content was only significantly affected by the former 10d. In the process of adding ammonium sulfate and glucose mixture, the MBN content in early ground soil of Jin Jing town and Taoyuan county increased 6.3%-356.7% than CK, 48.5%-316.6%, and the MBN content of the paddy soil was similar to that of CK. The turnover time of dryland soil MBC in Jinji town and Taoyuan county was 357 D and 370 D respectively. The turnover time of MBC in paddy soil was 132 D and 137 D, respectively, and the turnover time of the early soil MBN in Jin and Taoyuan counties was 238 D and 204 D respectively. The MBN turnover time of paddy soil was divided into 111 D and 115 respectively. Exogenous carbon and nitrogen increased the amount of mineralized nitrogen in soil compared with CK at the end of culture. The amount of mineralized nitrogen in dryland soil increased gradually and then tended to stabilize with the increase of culture time, while the amount of mineralized nitrogen in paddy soil increased first, then decreased and then tended to stable. The results showed that adding ammonium sulfate and glucose increased the amount of mineralized nitrogen in soil, increased the total microbial biomass in early and rice fields, and was more effective in Dryland Soil: the turnover time of microbial biomass in early soil was longer than that in paddy soil, and the turnover of soil MBN was faster than that of soil MBC. adding biomass charcoal and straw. The results of soil MBC, MBN content and the difference of nitrogen transformation showed that: 1) adding biomass carbon, compared with CK, increased the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content of dry soil in Taoyuan County by 34.6% at the end of culture, increased the MBN content of dry soil in Taoyuan County by 163.1%, and the microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) increased by 23% in paddy soil, and added at the same time. With biomass carbon, the amount of mineralized nitrogen in dry land and paddy soil in Taoyuan county was higher than CK.2) with straw added. Compared with CK, the content of MBC and MBN in early soil in Taoyuan county increased by 90.4% and 203.8% respectively, and the content of MBC and MBN in rice increased by 13.4% and 19.9%, respectively, and the amount of mineralized nitrogen in dry soil was lower than CK in the culture period. The amount of mineralized nitrogen in paddy soil was not different from that of CK. The results showed that the addition of biomass carbon could maintain the MBC and MBN of dryland soil at a higher level, while the promotion of MBC and MBN in paddy soil was not as good as dryland soil; at the same time, the addition of biomass carbon could increase the amount of mineralized nitrogen in the early and rice fields, and showed a promotion to the soil nitrogen supply capacity. Straw addition can promote the MBC and MBN in the early soil and paddy soil, and the effect on MBC is greater than the addition of biomass carbon. However, the addition of straw can significantly reduce the amount of mineralized nitrogen in the paddy soil less than that of the CK control group. The above conclusion can be used as an improvement of the management mode of farmland soil, the resistance control of environmental pollution and the rational utilization of organic matter resources. For scientific basis.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S154.3

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