本文選題：鋸片式 + 棉稈��； 參考：《石河子大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：棉花是新疆的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)作物,種植成本低,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益好,同時(shí)也是種植面積最大的農(nóng)作物。隨著農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力的減少,越來(lái)越多的棉稈被遺棄田間或燒毀,造成了棉稈資源的極大浪費(fèi)和對(duì)環(huán)境的嚴(yán)重污染。機(jī)械化棉稈還田是實(shí)現(xiàn)棉稈還田的主要方式,具有便捷、快速、低成本的優(yōu)勢(shì)。莖稈粉碎還田機(jī)從結(jié)構(gòu)上主要分為臥式和立式兩種。目前我國(guó)對(duì)臥式莖稈粉碎還田機(jī)的研究較為廣泛,但對(duì)立軸式莖稈還田機(jī)的研究較少。因此,在立軸式莖稈還田機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)一種新型棉稈切割裝置,對(duì)解決我國(guó)機(jī)械化棉稈還田以及農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。本文在查閱棉稈力學(xué)特性、切割機(jī)理和切割裝置相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)新疆棉花的栽培方法和種植模式進(jìn)行了實(shí)地調(diào)研,獲得了棉株田間生長(zhǎng)的行距、株距、最低側(cè)枝高度、棉稈不同部位的直徑等物理特性參數(shù);測(cè)定了棉稈含水率隨時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律;進(jìn)行了棉稈剪切力學(xué)特性試驗(yàn),確定了棉稈試樣不同部位剪切力隨剪切位移的變化和破壞載荷隨含水率的變化。根據(jù)棉稈切割試驗(yàn)的設(shè)計(jì)要求,確定了總體設(shè)計(jì)方案和工作過(guò)程,并對(duì)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)進(jìn)行功能分解。試驗(yàn)臺(tái)包括切割裝置、輸送裝置、棉稈夾持裝置和數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)切割類(lèi)型和運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析,設(shè)計(jì)了切割器和切割裝置。根據(jù)棉稈物料特性和試驗(yàn)要求,設(shè)計(jì)了輸送裝置和棉稈夾持裝置。確定了數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的方案。根據(jù)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)功率消耗和數(shù)據(jù)精度要求,確定了變頻電動(dòng)機(jī)、變頻器和轉(zhuǎn)矩轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器的型號(hào)。利用Solidworks軟件對(duì)切割試驗(yàn)臺(tái)實(shí)體建模,并運(yùn)用Ansys Workbench軟件對(duì)關(guān)鍵零部件進(jìn)行了有限元分析。對(duì)切割機(jī)架的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化分析,校核了鋸片、切割主動(dòng)軸的強(qiáng)度,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了模態(tài)分析。分析結(jié)果表明,優(yōu)化后的切割機(jī)架、鋸片、切割主動(dòng)軸均滿(mǎn)足要求。通過(guò)正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合設(shè)計(jì)試驗(yàn),利用Design-Expert 8.0.6軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,得到了試驗(yàn)因子切割轉(zhuǎn)速、輸送速度和切割器傾角對(duì)試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)切割功耗和割斷率的影響。采用多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化的方法進(jìn)行模型優(yōu)化,得到滿(mǎn)足性能指標(biāo)的試驗(yàn)因子最佳組合,同時(shí)對(duì)優(yōu)化參數(shù)與優(yōu)化區(qū)域進(jìn)行了分析。
[Abstract]:Cotton is the main cash crop in Xinjiang, with low cost, good economic benefit and the largest planting area. With the development of rural economy and the decrease of agricultural labor, more and more cotton stalks have been abandoned or burned, resulting in a great waste of cotton stalk resources and serious pollution to the environment. Mechanized return of cotton stalk is the main way to realize the return of cotton stalk, which has the advantages of convenience, speed and low cost. The stalk crushing and returning machine is mainly divided into horizontal type and vertical type from the structure. At present, the research of horizontal stalk pulverizing and returning machine is more extensive in China, but the research of vertical shaft type straw returning machine is less. Therefore, on the basis of vertical shaft stalk returning machine, a new cotton stalk cutting device is designed, which is of great significance to solve the problem of mechanized cotton stalk returning to the field and the sustainable development of agriculture. On the basis of consulting the relevant literature of cotton stalk mechanical properties, cutting mechanism and cutting device, the cultivation methods and planting patterns of cotton in Xinjiang were investigated on the spot, and the row spacing, plant spacing and the lowest lateral branch height of cotton plant were obtained. The physical characteristic parameters of different parts of cotton stalk, such as the diameter of cotton stalk, the variation of moisture content of cotton stalk with time, and the shear mechanical properties of cotton stalk were tested. The change of shear force with shear displacement and the change of failure load with moisture content in different parts of cotton stalk sample were determined. According to the design requirements of cotton stalk cutting test, the overall design scheme and working process were determined, and the function decomposition of the test bed was carried out. The test rig includes cutting device, conveying device, cotton stalk holding device and data acquisition system. According to the cutting type and kinematics analysis, the cutter and the cutting device are designed. According to the material characteristics of cotton stalk and test requirements, the conveying device and the cotton stalk holding device are designed. The scheme of data acquisition system is determined. According to the demand of power consumption and data precision of the test bed, the models of frequency conversion motor, frequency converter and torque speed sensor are determined. The solid model of the cutting test-bed is built by Solidworks software, and the finite element analysis of the key parts is carried out by using Ansys Workbench software. The structure of the cutting machine frame is optimized and the strength of the saw blade is checked and the strength of the driving shaft is cut and the modal analysis is carried out. The results show that the optimized cutting frame, saw blade and cutting drive shaft all meet the requirements. Through orthogonal rotation combination design test and Design-Expert 8.0.6 software for data analysis, the effects of test factors such as cutting speed, conveying speed and cutter inclination on power consumption and cutting rate are obtained. The optimal combination of test factors to meet the performance index is obtained by using the multi-objective optimization method. The optimization parameters and the optimization region are analyzed at the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S224.29

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 徐燕;基于ANSYS系統(tǒng)的大型海洋結(jié)構(gòu)可靠性計(jì)算研究[D];天津大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1886289