發(fā)布時間：2018-05-14 04:35

  本文選題：扶桑綿粉蚧 + 入侵害蟲　； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：扶桑綿粉蚧(Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley)是近年來新傳入我國的一種嚴(yán)重威脅農(nóng)林業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)的重要外來入侵害蟲。該蟲原產(chǎn)北美大陸,自2008年傳入我國以來,短期內(nèi)已經(jīng)蔓延至廣東、海南、云南、江西、湖南、湖北等多個省區(qū),具有極大的擴散風(fēng)險性和潛在的巨大危害性。扶桑綿粉蚧具有寄主范圍廣,繁殖能力強,擴散迅速,危害嚴(yán)重等特點,對我國棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)具有潛在的巨大威脅。為進(jìn)一步掌握該蟲在我國暴發(fā)危害的可能性,及時準(zhǔn)確的做好檢驗檢疫工作,實施行之有效的防控措施,本研究開展了扶桑綿粉蚧在中國的適生性及COI基因多態(tài)性分析。采用BIOCLIM模型對扶桑綿粉蚧在我國的適生區(qū)進(jìn)行預(yù)測分析;并對采自我國各發(fā)生地的扶桑綿粉蚧的線粒體細(xì)胞色素氧化酶I(mt COI)進(jìn)行測序,比較各地理種群的遺傳距離,構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹,從而分析入侵我國的扶桑綿粉蚧的可能來源地;采用浸葉生測法測定了5種藥劑對扶桑綿粉蚧的毒力,為扶桑綿粉蚧防治藥劑的篩選提供參考。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.采用BIOCLIM生態(tài)位模型對扶桑綿粉蚧在中國的潛在適生地理區(qū)域進(jìn)行預(yù)測,并預(yù)測了各區(qū)域的適生程度。扶桑綿粉蚧在我國的適生區(qū)域非常廣泛,高度適生區(qū)包括我國黃河以南的廣大華南、華中、華北地區(qū),中低度適生區(qū)包括河北、遼寧、山西、內(nèi)蒙古、寧夏、甘肅、新疆、西藏等省區(qū)的部分區(qū)域。這些適生區(qū)域覆蓋我國三大棉區(qū),其中長江中下游棉區(qū)和黃河中下游棉區(qū)為扶桑綿粉蚧的高度適生區(qū),西北棉區(qū)為其低度適生區(qū)。2.對我國已發(fā)現(xiàn)該蟲的海南、廣東、廣西、云南、江西、湖南、浙江和湖北等省區(qū)的扶桑綿粉蚧種群的線粒體細(xì)胞色素氧化酶I(mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I,mt COI)基因進(jìn)行測序,并登陸Gene Bank進(jìn)行序列比對,比較各地理種群間的遺傳距離遠(yuǎn)近,構(gòu)建扶桑綿粉蚧的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹,研究結(jié)果表明:不同國家地區(qū)扶桑綿粉蚧種群蟲源的遺傳差異最大為3.2%,并未達(dá)到物種分化的程度。入侵我國的扶桑綿粉蚧與印度、巴基斯坦的扶桑綿粉蚧屬于同一遺傳支系,而與美國弗羅里達(dá)州扶桑綿粉蚧關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn)。由于其傳入時間較短,所以中國不同地區(qū)的扶桑綿粉蚧種群在線粒體基因組水平上只有少量的堿基變異,尚未形成遺傳分化。3.采用浸葉生測法測定了五種藥劑對扶桑綿粉蚧的毒力,結(jié)果表明48h處理后吡蟲啉、啶蟲脒、毒死蜱、烯啶蟲胺、阿維菌素對扶桑綿粉蚧三齡若蟲的致死中濃度LC50分別為0.83、1.45、55.11、6.62、2.05mg/L,說明這五種藥劑對扶桑綿粉蚧的防治效果均較好,均可作為扶桑綿粉蚧防治的藥劑,其中微生物藥劑阿維菌素具有低毒環(huán)保的特點,可以作為扶桑綿粉蚧防治的理想藥劑。
[Abstract]:Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley is an important foreign invasive pest that has been introduced into China in recent years, which is a serious threat to the safety of agriculture and forestry production. It originated from North America and has spread to Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and other provinces in the short term since it was introduced into China in 2008. It has the characteristics of wide host range, strong breeding ability, rapid spread and serious harm, which is a potential threat to China's cotton industry. In order to further understand the possibility of the outbreak of the insect in China, timely and accurately do the inspection and quarantine work, and implement effective control measures, this study carried out the analysis of the adaptability and COI gene polymorphism of the scale in China. The BIOCLIM model was used to predict and analyze the suitable areas of the scale in China, and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (I(mt COI) was sequenced to compare the genetic distance of different populations. The phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the possible origin of the scale, and the virulence of five insecticides to the scale was determined by leaf soaking method, which provided a reference for the screening of insecticides for the control of the scale. The main results are as follows: 1. The BIOCLIM niche model was used to predict the potential suitable geographical areas of the scale in China, and the suitable degree of each region was predicted. The suitable areas of the scale are very extensive in China. The highly suitable areas include the vast South China south of the Yellow River, central China, North China, middle and low suitable areas including Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang. Part of Tibet and other provinces and regions. These suitable areas cover three major cotton regions in China. The cotton areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are the high suitable areas for the scale of mulberry cotton, and the cotton regions in the northwest are the low suitable areas of cotton. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (I(mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase) I(mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase mtCOI gene was sequenced in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang and Hubei provinces and regions of China. The sequence alignment was carried out by landing Gene Bank, and the genetic distance between different populations was compared to construct the phylogenetic tree. The results showed that the genetic difference of the population was 3.2and did not reach the level of species differentiation. It is the same genetic branch as India and Pakistan, but it has a far relationship with the American State of Florida. Because of its short afferent time, there is only a small amount of base variation at the mitochondrial genome level in different regions of China, and no genetic differentiation. 3. The virulence of five kinds of insecticides to Pyriacloprid, acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos and pyrimidine were determined by the method of foliage immersion, the results showed that imidacloprid, acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos and pyridine were treated for 48 h. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of avermectin to the third instar nymphs of the scale was 0.83O1.455mg / L, 55.116.62ng/ L, respectively. The results showed that the five insecticides had better control effect on the scale, and they could be used as insecticides for the control of the scale. Abamectin, a microbiological agent, has the characteristics of low toxicity and environmental protection, and it can be used as an ideal agent for the control of Avermectin.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S433

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