本文選題：黃河三角洲 + 暗管排水��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó),近幾年來,糧食需求總量持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),治理改良鹽漬土成為擴(kuò)大耕地面積、增加糧食產(chǎn)量的有效途徑。針對(duì)黃河三角洲地區(qū)土壤鹽漬化嚴(yán)重這一問題,本試驗(yàn)于2012年4月-2013年6月在山東省濱州市小開河引黃灌區(qū)完成,通過在田間埋設(shè)暗管,研究了暗管排水對(duì)濱海地區(qū)鹽堿土的改良效果。試驗(yàn)共設(shè)4個(gè)處理,分別:PVC波紋管埋設(shè)間距30m、45m、80m,秸稈排水體間距50m,分別用P30、P45、P80、C50表示,其中P30管徑最小,其他處理管徑一樣,暗管埋深均為2.5m。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)四個(gè)排水處理表層0-20cm、耕層0-60cm、1m土體年內(nèi)土壤鹽分變化趨勢(shì)基本一致,均比埋管前明顯下降,其中0-20cm土壤含鹽量下降幅度最大,0-100cm土體土壤含鹽量下降幅度最小。春、秋季節(jié)土壤積鹽,雨季淋溶脫鹽,冬季土壤鹽分相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。(2)暗管排水能夠顯著降低土壤鹽分含量,四個(gè)處理土壤剖面脫鹽率變化趨勢(shì)致:0-30cm土壤脫鹽波動(dòng)較大;30cm-100cm土壤脫鹽率沿著土層深度逐漸減小,30-60cm土層中,土壤脫鹽率從高到低分別為P45、C50、P30、P80;60-100cm土壤中,土壤脫鹽率從高到低分別為C50、P45、P30、P80。隨著暗管埋設(shè)時(shí)間推移,秸稈排水小區(qū)0~100cm的土壤脫鹽效果將逐漸優(yōu)于PVC波紋管排水。黃河三角洲地區(qū)土壤脫鹽效果最優(yōu)的暗管埋設(shè)間距為45~50m。(3)P30、P45、P80、C50四個(gè)處理的地下水水位與降雨量的相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為:0.545、0.525、0.513、0.525,呈現(xiàn)顯著相關(guān);與蒸發(fā)量的相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為:0.416、0.478、0.377、0.494,具有顯著相關(guān)性;與排水量相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為:0.872、0.908、0.622、0.977,呈現(xiàn)顯著相關(guān);與灌水量相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為:0.824、0.883、0.697、0.832,短期相關(guān)性較大,但不顯著。蒸發(fā)會(huì)引起該區(qū)域地下水位發(fā)生劇烈變化;在沒有其它水源對(duì)地下水進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充時(shí),降雨是影響該地區(qū)地下水位動(dòng)態(tài)變化的主要因素;良好的排水能夠有效降低地下水水位,制定合理灌溉制度,可以防止高礦化度地下水水位上升引起的次生鹽漬化。秸稈排水體暗管和PVC波紋暗管均可以通過排水達(dá)到控制地下水水位的目的。(4)C50、P45、P30、P80淺層地下水淡化率分別為:46.26%、38.22%、31.68%、24.26%;單位面積排鹽量依次為:78.52g、53.53g、24.17g、31.34g;單位面積排水量分別為:0.0128m3、0.0147m3、0.0075m3、0.0063m3;秸稈排水體降漬排鹽效果明顯優(yōu)于PVC管排水處理;其排水能力略低于相同管徑和埋管間距的PVC管。(5)暗管排水能有效降低土壤容重,增加土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量,增加土壤全磷含量,增加土壤速效氮、速效磷、速效鉀養(yǎng)分含量;但是土壤全氮量降低,且表層土壤速效養(yǎng)分增量大于耕層土壤。隨著埋管時(shí)間推移,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量和深層土壤速效養(yǎng)分需要進(jìn)一步監(jiān)測(cè),以調(diào)整土壤培肥管理措施,提高土地質(zhì)量。(6)2012年和2013年作物產(chǎn)量較2011年產(chǎn)量增產(chǎn)明顯,暗管排水能顯著增加作物產(chǎn)量,提高土地產(chǎn)出率,結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)際情況,綜合考慮暗管排水、排鹽效果及土壤脫鹽效果,確定黃河三角洲粘質(zhì)鹽化潮土地區(qū)適宜的暗管布置為:間距50m、管徑315mm的秸稈排水體,或者間距45m、管徑315mm的PVC波紋管排水。
[Abstract]:China is a big agricultural country. In recent years, the total amount of grain demand has been increasing continuously. The improvement of saline soil has become an effective way to enlarge the area of cultivated land and increase grain yield. This experiment was completed in the Yellow River irrigation area of the Xiao Kai River in Binzhou City, Shandong Province in April 2012, according to the problem of serious soil salinization in the Yellow River Delta region. The improvement effect of dark pipe drainage on saline alkali soil in the coastal area was studied by buried pipe in the field. 4 treatments were set up, respectively: the spacing of PVC bellows was 30m, 45m, 80m, and the spacing of the drainage body of straw was 50m, respectively, with P30, P45, P80, C50, respectively, of which the P30 pipe diameter was the smallest, the buried depth of the dark pipe was the same as the 2.5m. main result. (1) the change trend of soil salinity in the soil of four drainage treatment surface 0-20cm, plough layer 0-60cm, 1m soil is basically the same, which is obviously lower than that before the buried tube, of which the salt content in the 0-20cm soil decreases the largest, the soil salt content in the soil of 0-100cm is the lowest. Spring, autumn soil soil salt, the rain season leaching desalination, and the soil salt in winter are relatively stable. (2) Four soil desalination rates change trend: 0-30cm soil desalination fluctuates greatly; 30cm-100cm soil desalination rate decreases along the soil depth, and the soil desalination rate from high to low is P45, C50, P30, P80; 60-100cm soil, the soil desalination rate is from high to low in 30-60cm soil. C50, P45, P30, P80., as the dark pipe burial time goes on, the effect of the soil desalination of the soil 0~100cm in the straw drainage area will be better than the PVC corrugated pipe drainage. The best buried spacing of the dark tube in the the Yellow River Delta region is 45~50m. (3) P30, P45, P80, C50 four, the correlation coefficient of the groundwater level and rainfall is 0., respectively: 0. 545,0.525,0.513,0.525 has significant correlation, and the correlation coefficient with evaporation is 0.416,0.478,0.377,0.494, which has significant correlation, and the correlation coefficient of water discharge is 0.872,0.908,0.622,0.977, showing significant correlation, and the correlation coefficient with the irrigation quantity is 0.824,0.883,0.697,0.832, and the short-term correlation is larger, but it is not significant. If there is no other water source to supplement the groundwater, the rainfall is the main factor affecting the dynamic change of the groundwater level in this area. The good drainage can effectively reduce the water level of the groundwater and make a reasonable irrigation system, which can prevent the secondary water level from the high salinity water level rise. Salinization. Straw drainage body dark pipe and PVC corrugated pipe can achieve the purpose of controlling groundwater level through drainage. (4) C50, P45, P30, P80 shallow groundwater desalination rate is 46.26%, 38.22%, 31.68%, 24.26% respectively; the unit area of salt discharge is in turn: 78.52g, 53.53g, 24.17g, 31.34g; unit area drainage is: 0.0128m3,0.0147m3,0.00 respectively: 0.0128m3,0.0147m3,0.00 75m3,0.0063m3; the effect of water drainage of straw drainage body is obviously better than that of PVC pipe drainage treatment; its drainage ability is slightly lower than the PVC tube with the same pipe diameter and buried pipe spacing. (5) the drainage of the pipe can effectively reduce the soil bulk density, increase the content of soil organic matter, increase the content of soil total phosphorus, increase soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and the content of available potassium nutrient; but soil The total nitrogen in the soil decreased, and the increment of available nutrients in the surface soil was greater than that in the plough soil. With the time of the burial pipe, the soil organic matter content and the deep soil available nutrients needed further monitoring to adjust the soil fertility management measures and improve the land quality. (6) the yield in 2012 and 2013 was more obvious than that in 2011, and the drainage of the dark pipe could be obvious. In order to increase the yield of crops and increase the yield of land, combining with the actual situation of the local area, considering the drainage of dark tube, the effect of salt discharge and the effect of soil desalination, the suitable arrangement of dark pipe in the area of the clay salted soil of the Yellow River delta is as follows: the spacing 50m, the straw drainage body with the diameter of 315mm, or the spacing of 45m, and the drainage of the PVC bellows of the diameter of the tube of 315mm.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S156.42

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