本文選題：土壤微生物群落多樣性 + 植物類型　； 參考：《海南師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：海南島人工海防林主要以木麻黃樹種為主,與天然海防林相比,存在天然更新能力差,防護(hù)期較短,且受臺風(fēng)影響防護(hù)效能差,經(jīng)營成本高等問題,因此迫切需要對木麻黃海防林進(jìn)行更新改造。若要對木麻黃海防林進(jìn)行更新改造,篩選出天然更新能力強(qiáng),適應(yīng)海岸生態(tài)條件,耐土壤貧瘠等優(yōu)良特性的海南本土樹種是最為重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。在對海南本土樹種初步篩選的基礎(chǔ)上,本文擬通過對不同植物類型土壤理化性質(zhì)的分析,土壤微生物群落多樣性的分析,探討植物--微生物--土壤三者之間的關(guān)系,以便揭示不同植物類型對土壤微生物多樣性的影響,并尋找對土壤微生物多樣性影響明顯的植物類型,即從土壤微生物與植物類型之間關(guān)系進(jìn)一步篩選海防林林替代樹種。該項(xiàng)研究將為海防林替代樹種的篩選提供新的研究思路與方法。研究方法:基于對海南島海防林替代樹種的初步篩選,選擇了萬寧沿海三個(gè)地區(qū)共八種植物類型:馬騮角的草海桐(Scaevola sericea)、嶺南山竹子(Garcinia oblongifolia)、刺葵(Phoenix hanceana)、蕨類植物+野牡丹+桃金娘(灌草叢;shrub-meadow);日月灣的對葉榕(Ficus hispida)、欖仁樹(Terminalia catappa)和南燕灣的白楸(Mallotus paniculatus)、馬鞭草科的越南牡荊(Vitex tripinnata)。土樣采集分別在旱季和雨季進(jìn)行,雨季取樣選在2013年10月,旱季取樣選在2014年4月。土壤取樣是在選定植物周圍距離根部1m以內(nèi),采集0~10cm和10~20cm兩個(gè)土層的土樣,然后根據(jù)五點(diǎn)混合法混合成一個(gè)混合土樣。采用常規(guī)方法測定土壤物理性質(zhì)(含水率)、化學(xué)性質(zhì)(有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、全磷、全鉀、銨態(tài)氮、硝態(tài)氮、有效磷、速效鉀、p H)。采用BIOLOG微平板計(jì)數(shù)法測定分析不同植物類型土壤微生物功能多樣性,在此基礎(chǔ)之上,進(jìn)一步應(yīng)用了最能全面解析土壤微生物群落多樣性的宏基因組——Miseq測序方法。主要在門和屬水平下分析土壤微生物多樣性和豐度指數(shù),指出不同植物類型土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)組成的差異性。采用多項(xiàng)指標(biāo)綜合分析不同植物類型的土壤微生態(tài)環(huán)境,篩選沿海地區(qū)海防林潛在的替代樹種。主要研究結(jié)果:1.不同植物類型對土壤理化性質(zhì)的最高值有影響。嶺南山竹子的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量最高;越南牡荊的全氮和全鉀含量最高;對葉榕的全磷和硝態(tài)氮含量最高;有效磷、速效鉀、銨態(tài)氮等含量最高的分別是白楸、刺葵和灌草叢。說明植物類型是導(dǎo)致土壤理化性質(zhì)差異的因素之一;2.根據(jù)土壤微生物對單一碳源利用能力和多樣性指數(shù)較為優(yōu)越或獨(dú)特的特性,綜合分析0~20cm不同植物類型土壤微生物功能多樣性,結(jié)果表明白楸和對葉榕優(yōu)勢種群對總體碳源利用能力較高,欖仁樹和灌草叢對總體碳源利用能力較弱;3.土壤理化性質(zhì)和土壤微生物對單一碳源總體利用能力的綜合分析顯示:上層土的土壤養(yǎng)分和土壤微生物功能多樣性較下層土的高;土層對土壤物理、化學(xué)性質(zhì)的影響因植物類型而存在差異;不同季節(jié)土壤理化性質(zhì)的變化與植物類型及土壤理化性質(zhì)本身有關(guān);4.根據(jù)高通量Mesiq測序結(jié)果,七種植物類型獲得有效序列數(shù)273454條,序列數(shù)從大到小排列順序?yàn)?欖仁樹,對葉榕,刺葵,白楸,嶺南山竹子,越南牡荊,灌草叢;在0.97的相似度下共獲得6658個(gè)OTUs,其中欖仁樹最高,白楸最低;根據(jù)OTU豐度進(jìn)行的PCA分析,欖仁樹、對葉榕、刺葵,它們的多樣性較為相近,越南牡荊和灌草叢的多樣性較為相近,白楸、嶺南山竹子與其他植物類型的多樣性較遠(yuǎn),說明同一地區(qū)不同植物類型的群落多樣性存在差異。通過不同植物類型土壤微生物多樣性及土壤微生物在各分類水平上的百分比綜合分析顯示,日月灣的欖仁樹和對葉榕的多樣性和豐度最高,因此欖仁樹和對葉榕是土壤微生物群落多樣性較豐富的樹種;且它們蘊(yùn)含的未知序列較大,所以作為開發(fā)特殊微生物的樹種的潛力最大�？傊�,土壤理化性質(zhì)、土壤微生物功能多樣性、土壤微生物群落多樣性都隨植物類型的不同有不同的變化。在同一取樣區(qū),土壤養(yǎng)分、土壤微生物群落多樣性較高的植物類型分別是:日月灣的欖仁樹;馬騮角的刺葵;南燕灣的越南牡荊。從不同植物類型上分析,土壤微生物群落多樣性從高到低的總體排序?yàn)?欖仁樹、對葉榕、刺葵、嶺南山竹子、灌草叢、越南牡荊、白楸。
[Abstract]:The main species of artificial sea defense forest in Hainan Island are Casuarina Casuarina. Compared with natural marine forest, there are poor natural regeneration ability, short protection period, poor protection efficiency and high operating cost. Therefore, it is urgent to renew and rebuild the forest of wood linen and the Yellow Sea in the Yellow Sea. Hainan native tree species, which has strong regeneration ability, adapted to coastal ecological conditions and poor soil barren characteristics, is the most important link. On the basis of preliminary screening of native species in Hainan, this paper intends to analyze the soil microbial community diversity of different plant types and the diversity of soil microbial community, and discuss the plant microbiology. The relationship between the three types of soil is to reveal the effects of different plant types on soil microbial diversity and to find plant types that have obvious effects on soil microbial diversity. That is to screen the substitutes for marine forest forests from the relationship between soil microbes and plant types. Selection of new research ideas and methods. Based on the preliminary screening of alternative tree species in Hainan Island coastal defense forest, eight species of plant types in three coastal areas of Wanning were selected: Cao Haitong (Scaevola sericea), Garcinia oblongifolia, Phoenix hanceana, ferns + Wild Peony + Myrtle ( Irrigated grass; shrub-meadow); Ficus hispida, Terminalia catappa and Mallotus paniculatus in the South Yan Wan (Mallotus paniculatus), and Vitex tripinnata (Vitex tripinnata) in the family of Verbena. Soil samples were collected in dry and rainy seasons, in October 2013, in October 2013, and in April 2014. The soil samples of two soil layers of 0~10cm and 10~20cm were collected around the selected plants, and then mixed into a mixed soil sample of two soil layers of 0~10cm and 10~20cm. The physical properties of soil (water content), chemical properties (organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, effective phosphorus, available potassium, P H) were measured by the conventional method. BIOLOG micro was used. The diversity of soil microbial function in different plant types was measured and analyzed by plate counting method. On this basis, the Miseq sequencing method was applied to analyze the diversity of soil microbial community, and the soil microbial diversity and abundance index were analyzed at the gate and genus level, and the different plant types were pointed out. The diversity of soil microbial community structure. A number of indexes were used to synthetically analyze the soil microecological environment of different plant types, and the substitutes in coastal areas were selected. The main results were as follows: 1. the highest values of soil physical and chemical properties were affected by different plant types. The total nitrogen and total potassium content of the southern Chinese Vitex is the highest, the total phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen content of banyan is the highest, the highest content of available phosphorus, available potassium and ammonium nitrogen are the white catalpa, the maxim and the shrub. It shows that the plant types are one of the factors that lead to the differences in physical and chemical properties of the soil; 2. according to the ability and diversity of soil microbes to the single carbon source A comprehensive analysis of the diversity of soil microbial function in different plant types of 0~20cm showed that the dominant population of mandshurus mandshurica and banyan had higher utilization ability to the total carbon source, and the utilization ability of olive kernel and shrub on the total carbon source was weak. 3. the physical and chemical properties of soil and soil microorganism used a single carbon source as a whole. The comprehensive analysis of capacity showed that soil nutrients and microbial function diversity in the upper soil were higher than those of lower soil; soil physical and chemical properties were different from plant types; the changes of soil physical and chemical properties in different seasons were related to plant types and soil physical and chemical properties; 4. according to high flux Mesiq sequencing junctions Fruit, seven plant types obtained 273454 effective sequence number, sequence number from large to small order: olive kernel, banyan, anaba, white catalpa, llingnan mountain bamboo, Vietnamese thorns, shrub grass; in 0.97 of the similarity, a total of 6658 OTUs, which are the highest and the lowest in white catalpa; according to the abundance of PCA analysis, olive, banyan, thorn. The diversity of the species is similar. The diversity of the Vietnamese Vitex and the shrub is similar. The diversity of the bamboo and other plant types is far away from the white catalpa and the Lingnan mountain. It shows that the diversity of the different plant types in the same area is different. The diversity of soil microbes and the soil microorganism at the different level through different plant types are found. The percentage synthesis analysis shows that the diversity and abundance of the olive and banyan are the highest in the bay of the day and moon, so the olive and the banyan are the more diverse species of soil microbial communities, and the unknown sequence is larger, so the potential for the development of special microbial species is the greatest. In a word, soil physical and chemical properties, soil Soil microbial diversity and diversity of soil microbial communities vary with plant types. In the same sampling area, soil nutrients and soil microbial community diversity are higher in plant types: day and Moon Bay, horns horns and Vietnam Vitex. From different plant types, soil The total diversity of soil microbial community from high to low is: almond tree, Ficus alba, alpine rush, Lingnan bamboo, shrub grass, Vitex negundo, and catalpa.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S154.3

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