本文選題：降雨量 + 降雨動(dòng)能��； 參考：《長(zhǎng)江科學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)是世界上水土流失最嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家之一,土壤侵蝕是導(dǎo)致土地資源退化乃至徹底破壞的主要原因。雨滴擊濺和降雨產(chǎn)生的徑流,是土壤侵蝕的主要?jiǎng)恿?因此對(duì)侵蝕動(dòng)力的研究是準(zhǔn)確預(yù)報(bào)水土流失的基礎(chǔ)和前提。一般情況下采用降雨侵蝕力指標(biāo)來(lái)估算一定時(shí)期內(nèi)侵蝕性降雨的侵蝕動(dòng)力,由于難獲得所必須的降雨動(dòng)能指標(biāo),因此一般采用降雨侵蝕力簡(jiǎn)易算法,即利用雨量站等常規(guī)降雨統(tǒng)計(jì)資料如日雨量、月雨量、年雨量或其它雨量參數(shù)來(lái)估算侵蝕力。目前,隨著高新監(jiān)測(cè)降雨設(shè)備發(fā)展,給降雨動(dòng)能及降雨侵蝕力的獲取帶來(lái)了方便,同時(shí)也為土壤侵蝕動(dòng)力的理論研究帶來(lái)了新的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。在湖北省武漢市布設(shè)自動(dòng)雨量計(jì)(簡(jiǎn)稱AR)、自動(dòng)氣象站(簡(jiǎn)稱AM)和2DVD視頻雨滴譜系統(tǒng)(簡(jiǎn)稱2DVD)降雨監(jiān)測(cè)儀器,選擇它們同期監(jiān)測(cè)的降雨數(shù)據(jù)作為研究對(duì)象,分析比較了3種儀器監(jiān)測(cè)的降雨過(guò)程指標(biāo)對(duì)降雨量、降雨強(qiáng)度、降雨動(dòng)能及降雨侵蝕力等的影響,同時(shí)比較8種常用降雨侵蝕力計(jì)算公式的精確度,主要結(jié)論如下:(1)結(jié)合2016-2017年時(shí)段內(nèi)漢口江灘雨量站雨量值,發(fā)現(xiàn)布設(shè)的降雨監(jiān)測(cè)儀器與漢口漢灘雨量站的降雨量在同一數(shù)量級(jí),代表了這些儀器監(jiān)測(cè)得到的降雨數(shù)據(jù)比較合理;因?yàn)?種儀器監(jiān)測(cè)的降雨量與其相比,AR與其相差最小,表明AR對(duì)降雨量監(jiān)測(cè)的精確度最高,不得不指出2DVD監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果偏差較大,這說(shuō)明該儀器能否監(jiān)測(cè)降雨量還需進(jìn)一步論證。(2)2DVD能夠直接測(cè)定雨滴的大小和速度,直接計(jì)算出降雨動(dòng)能Ev。利用其監(jiān)測(cè)到的雨滴直徑、速度和降雨強(qiáng)度數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)算降雨動(dòng)能Ev和由RUSLE中降雨動(dòng)能計(jì)算公式得到的結(jié)果Er相差較小,這也說(shuō)明該儀器有漏測(cè)雨滴或降雨量。同時(shí),直接根據(jù)2DVD監(jiān)測(cè)到的雨滴大小和速度計(jì)算的降雨動(dòng)能Ev能夠較好地反應(yīng)視頻雨滴譜系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)的真實(shí)情況。(3)選取8個(gè)降雨侵蝕力簡(jiǎn)易公式,其中EI10、EI60、PI10、PI30與經(jīng)典公式EI30偏差較大。自動(dòng)雨量計(jì)條件下,殷水清和王萬(wàn)忠等(1995)分別建立的簡(jiǎn)易公式計(jì)算的結(jié)果與EI30偏差都很小。2DVD條件下,只有殷水清提出的公式對(duì)應(yīng)的結(jié)果與EI30偏差較小。(4)分析AR及2DVD監(jiān)測(cè)計(jì)算得到的降雨動(dòng)能與降雨量之間關(guān)系,表明直接用降雨量代替降雨動(dòng)能計(jì)算降雨侵蝕力存在一定的缺陷。(5)根據(jù)AR與2DVD監(jiān)測(cè)的降雨量之間的對(duì)比關(guān)系,建立降雨量擬合公式,從而對(duì)2DVD監(jiān)測(cè)并計(jì)算出降雨動(dòng)能及降雨侵蝕力進(jìn)行修正。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)降雨動(dòng)能的修正值較為滿意,對(duì)降雨侵蝕力的修正有待改進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:Soil erosion is one of the most serious soil erosion countries in the world. Soil erosion is the main cause of land resources degradation and even total destruction. Runoff caused by raindrop splash and rainfall is the main driving force of soil erosion, so the study of erosion power is the basis and prerequisite for accurate prediction of soil erosion. In general, the rainfall erosivity index is used to estimate the erosive power of erosive rainfall in a certain period of time, because it is difficult to obtain the necessary rainfall kinetic energy index, so the simple algorithm of rainfall erosivity is generally used. That is to say, the erosivity is estimated by the daily rainfall, monthly rainfall, annual rainfall or other rainfall parameters, such as daily rainfall, monthly rainfall, annual rainfall and other rainfall statistics. At present, with the development of high and new rainfall monitoring equipment, it is convenient to obtain rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall erosivity, and it also brings new opportunities and challenges to the theoretical research of soil erosion power. In Wuhan, Hubei Province, automatic Rain Meter (ARA), automatic Weather Station (AMM) and 2DVD Video raindrop Spectrum system (2DVD) rainfall monitoring instruments were installed. The rainfall data monitored by them during the same period was chosen as the research object. The effects of rainfall process indexes monitored by three kinds of instruments on rainfall, rainfall intensity, rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall erosivity are analyzed and compared. At the same time, the accuracy of eight commonly used formulas for calculating rainfall erosivity is compared. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) combined with the rainfall value of Hankou beach rainfall station in 2016-2017, it is found that the rainfall monitoring instrument is of the same order of magnitude as that of Hankou beach rainfall station, which represents the reasonable rainfall data obtained by these instruments. Because the rainfall measured by three kinds of instruments has the smallest difference between AR and rainfall, which indicates that AR has the highest accuracy to rainfall monitoring, it must be pointed out that the deviation of 2DVD monitoring results is large. This indicates that it is necessary to further demonstrate that the instrument can directly measure the size and velocity of raindrops and calculate the rainfall kinetic energy Ev directly. Using the data of raindrop diameter, velocity and rainfall intensity, the difference between the calculated rainfall kinetic energy E _ v and the result obtained from the formula of rainfall kinetic energy in RUSLE is relatively small, which also indicates that the instrument has leakage to measure raindrop or rainfall. At the same time, the rainfall kinetic energy (EV) calculated directly from the size and velocity of raindrops monitored by 2DVD can better reflect the real situation of the video raindrop spectrum system monitoring.) eight simple formulas for rainfall erosivity are selected, in which EI10EI60 PI10PI30 deviates greatly from the classical formula EI30. Under the condition of automatic rain gauge, the calculation result of the simple formula established by Yin Shuiqing and Wang Wanzhong respectively and the deviation of EI30 are very small. Only the result corresponding to the formula proposed by Yin Shuiqing and the smaller deviation of EI30 are used to analyze the relationship between rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall obtained by AR and 2DVD monitoring calculation. The results show that there are some defects in calculating rainfall erosivity with rainfall instead of rainfall kinetic energy. (5) according to the comparative relationship between AR and rainfall monitored by 2DVD, the fitting formula of rainfall is established. Thus, the rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall erosivity are corrected by 2DVD monitoring. The results show that the correction value of rainfall kinetic energy is satisfactory, and the correction of rainfall erosivity needs to be improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S157

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