本文選題：氨基酸發(fā)酵尾液 + 水溶肥料�。� 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：氨基酸發(fā)酵尾液富含游離氨基酸、糖分等小分子有機營養(yǎng)物質,是一類優(yōu)良的肥料添加劑和功能增效材料,近年來在各類新型肥料的研制中應用廣泛。本文以3種不同類型的氨基酸發(fā)酵尾液為研究材料,通過田間試驗、15N示蹤試驗、培養(yǎng)試驗和砂培試驗等方法,系統(tǒng)研究氨基酸發(fā)酵尾液對常規(guī)水溶肥料的增效作用,并對其作用的機理進行了初步探索。主要研究結果如下:1.水溶肥料中添加氨基酸發(fā)酵尾液可以產(chǎn)生明顯的增效作用,顯著增加番茄產(chǎn)量,改善果實品質,提升土壤生物活性。與普通水溶肥料相比,平均增產(chǎn)幅度達9%以上,果實可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、Vc含量和糖酸比分別提高14.61%~19.28%、10.15%~16.54%、16.32%~17.73%和35.38%~36.01%,可滴定酸度含量降低7.84%~16.00%;土壤微生物生物量碳含量、蔗糖酶、堿性磷酸酶和脲酶等功能性酶活性分別提高27.77%~36.23%、34.46~38.39%、10.59~16.47%和10.74~22.15%。2.水溶肥料中添加氨基酸發(fā)酵尾液可以明顯優(yōu)化肥料氮素的利用效果,顯著增加作物對肥料氮素的吸收,調(diào)控肥料氮素在作物體內(nèi)的轉運和累積,從而提高肥料利用效率。與普通水溶肥料相比,番茄植株總氮吸收量和肥料氮吸收量平均分別增加8.09%和9.91%,葉片、果實等主要功能器官的肥料氮累積量平均分別增加18.20%和8.01%;肥料氮素利用率平均提高9.91%,氮素損失率平均降低14.36%。3.氨基酸發(fā)酵尾液能夠調(diào)控酰胺態(tài)氮和銨態(tài)氮的土壤轉化過程,減緩酰胺態(tài)氮的水解和銨態(tài)氮的硝化速率,從而延長氮素作用時間,提高氮素利用效率;同時,氨基酸發(fā)酵尾液能夠調(diào)控磷肥的土壤轉化過程,顯著增加土壤中有效磷、二鈣磷酸鹽和八鈣磷酸鹽的含量,提高土壤磷的有效性,改善土壤供磷水平。4.氨基酸發(fā)酵尾液能夠影響番茄根系生長發(fā)育,且其作用效果與尾液濃度密切相關。其中,中、低濃度氨基酸發(fā)酵尾液(2g/L和1g/L)可以刺激作物根系生長發(fā)育,促進根系延展,與普通霍格蘭營養(yǎng)液對照相比,根系活力提升13.73~44.28%,根系鮮重、干重、長度、體積和表面積分別提高8.58~46.30%、10.91~54.39%、8.66~82.21%、2.13~76.60%和7.74~45.74%;高濃度(5g/L)氨基酸發(fā)酵尾液則會對根系生長產(chǎn)生脅迫作用,抑制作物根系發(fā)育。
[Abstract]:Amino acid fermentation tail liquid is rich in free amino acids, sugar and other small molecular organic nutrients. It is a kind of excellent fertilizer additives and functional synergistic materials. It has been widely used in the development of various new fertilizers in recent years. In this paper, the synergistic effect of amino acid fermentation tail liquid on conventional water-soluble fertilizer was systematically studied by means of field experiment, culture test and sand culture experiment. The mechanism of its action was explored. The main results are as follows: 1. The addition of amino acid fermentative tail liquid into water-soluble fertilizer could significantly increase tomato yield, improve fruit quality and enhance soil biological activity. Compared with ordinary water-soluble fertilizer, the average yield increased by more than 9%, fruit soluble solids, soluble sugar VC content and sucrose acid ratio increased 14.61% and 19.28%, respectively. The content of soil microbial biomass carbon, sucrase and sucrase decreased by 17.73% and 35.38% respectively, and the titratable acidity decreased by 7.8416.00%. The activities of functional enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase and urease were increased by 27.777.23% and 34.46%, 38.39%, 16.47% and 10.74%, 22.15% and 22.15%, respectively. The addition of amino acid fermentative tail liquid into water-soluble fertilizer can obviously optimize the nitrogen utilization efficiency of fertilizer, increase the absorption of fertilizer nitrogen, regulate the transfer and accumulation of fertilizer nitrogen in the crop body, and improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization. Compared with common water-soluble fertilizer, the total nitrogen uptake and fertilizer nitrogen uptake of tomato plants increased by 8.09% and 9.91%, respectively. The nitrogen accumulation of fruit and other main functional organs increased by 18.20% and 8.01 respectively, and the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency increased by 9.91%, and the nitrogen loss rate decreased by 14.36.3.The results showed that the nitrogen accumulation of fruits and other main functional organs increased by 18.20% and 8.01%, respectively. Amino acid fermentation tail liquid can regulate the process of soil transformation of amide-nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, slow down the hydrolysis of amide-nitrogen and nitrification rate of ammonium nitrogen, prolong the action time of nitrogen and improve the efficiency of nitrogen utilization, at the same time, Amino acid fermentation tail liquid could regulate the process of soil transformation of phosphate fertilizer, increase the contents of available phosphorus, dicalcium phosphate and octopalcium phosphate, improve the availability of phosphorus in soil, and improve the phosphorus supply level of soil. The growth and development of tomato roots were affected by amino acid fermentation tail solution, and the effect was closely related to the concentration of tail liquid. Among them, 2 g / L and 1 g / L of low concentration amino acid fermentation tail liquid could stimulate the growth and development of crop root system and promote root system extension. Compared with the control of Hoagland nutrient solution, the root system activity was increased 13.73% 44.28%, root fresh weight, dry weight, length. The volume and surface area were increased by 8.58 ~ 46.30% and 8.66 ~ 82.21 ~ (76.60%) and 7.74 ~ 45.74%, respectively, while the high concentration of 5 g / L amino acid fermentative tail liquid had stress effect on root growth and inhibited the development of crop root system.
【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S143

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