本文選題：耕作 + 秸稈還田　； 參考：《應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)》2017年02期

【摘要】：耕作和秸稈還田是打破犁底層、改善黑土肥力的重要措施.本研究利用田間試驗(yàn),分析了耕作和秸稈還田對(duì)秸稈腐殖化系數(shù)、總有機(jī)質(zhì)含量(SOC)和玉米產(chǎn)量的影響.結(jié)果表明:深耕+秸稈施入20~35 cm(ST+S)能夠打破犁底層,與淺耕(TT)、深耕(ST)和淺耕+秸稈還田(TT+S)相比,試驗(yàn)6年間土壤容重平均降低了5.7%、3.3%和5.7%,其中ST和ST+S試驗(yàn)第一年效果最好;試驗(yàn)6年后秸稈腐解率表現(xiàn)為0~20 cm土層(72.0%)20~35 cm土層(59.2%);0~20和20~35 cm土層秸稈腐殖化系數(shù)在試驗(yàn)的第一年達(dá)到了最大值,分別為15.9%和12.7%;與初始土壤相比,TT、ST和ST+S處理0~20 cm土層SOC和輕組有機(jī)碳(LFOC)含量呈下降趨勢(shì),而TT+S處理分別增加了2.9%和12.4%,ST+S處理20~35 cm土層分別增加了9.2%和9.9%;對(duì)玉米產(chǎn)量的影響表現(xiàn)為ST+STT+SSTTT,耕作和秸稈還田的時(shí)間效應(yīng)明顯,其中ST處理玉米產(chǎn)量的影響可以持續(xù)3年,而ST+S處理可以持續(xù)6年.因此,通過(guò)耕作的方式將秸稈施入20~35 cm土層是一種有效的、可持續(xù)改善黑土質(zhì)量的農(nóng)業(yè)措施.
[Abstract]:Tillage and straw return are important measures to break the bottom of plow and improve the fertility of black soil. The effects of tillage and straw returning on straw humification coefficient, total organic matter content and maize yield were studied in this paper. The results showed that deep tillage straw could break the bottom layer of plough with 20 ~ 35 cm(ST), and the soil bulk density was decreased by 5.73.3% and 5.7% in the six years compared with that in shallow tillage, deep tillage and straw returning to the field. The first year of St and St S test had the best effect. After 6 years of experiment, the decomposition rate of straw showed that the humification coefficient of straw reached the maximum value in the first year of the experiment, in the 0 ~ (20) cm soil layer and in the soil layer of 20 ~ 20 ~ 35 cm soil layer, the humification coefficient of the straw reached the maximum value in the first year of the experiment. Compared with the initial soil, the contents of SOC and organic carbon (LFOC) in the 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer treated with TTST and St S decreased, respectively. The effects of TT S treatment on corn yield were increased by 2.9% and 12.4%, respectively, and the effects of STS treatment on corn yield were increased by 9.2% and 9.9%, respectively, and the effects of ST STT SSTTT, tillage and straw return on maize yield were obvious, and the effects of St treatment on maize yield could last for 3 years. St S treatment can last 6 years. Therefore, it is an effective and sustainable agricultural measure to apply straw to the soil layer of 20 ~ 35cm by tillage.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)院東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所黑土區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)院重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室/海倫農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)國(guó)家野外觀測(cè)研究站;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41301312,41371296,41571219) 公益性行業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)科研專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(201303126,201203030) 國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0200309-6,2016YFD0300806-1)資助~~
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S513;S141.4

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