本文選題：河流水沙特征 + 降水　； 參考：《中國水土保持科學(xué)》2017年01期

【摘要】：河流水沙特征與流域降水量和下墊面變化密切相關(guān)。為揭示流域降雨以及退耕還林對延河流域水沙特征的影響,本文以延河甘谷驛站控制區(qū)1960—2010年流域降水量、河流徑流量和輸沙量實測數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),統(tǒng)計分析了延河水沙變化特征及其對流域降水量的響應(yīng),并對比分析了退耕前、后(以2002年為界)延河水沙變化。結(jié)果表明:在1960—2010年間,延河甘谷驛站控制區(qū)年及汛期(6—9月)降水量、徑流量和輸沙量呈波動遞減趨勢,汛期降水量、徑流量和輸沙量值約占年值的64.8%、71.7%和98.1%;年及汛期輸沙量與徑流量呈極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,徑流量變化可分別解釋年及汛期87.6%和92.2%的輸沙量變化,降水量變化可分別解釋年及汛期22.7%和23.6%的輸沙量變化;退耕后流域年及汛期平均輸沙量、徑流量和徑流系數(shù)顯著低于退耕前,剔除退耕前后降水量差異影響,退耕工程對年及汛期累計輸沙量變化分別貢獻(xiàn)87.5%和86.9%,對年及汛期累計徑流量變化分別貢獻(xiàn)77.4%和75.4%。研究闡明退耕可顯著降低年及汛期平均徑流量、徑流系數(shù)和輸沙量。
[Abstract]:The characteristics of river water and sediment are closely related to the precipitation and the change of underlying surface. In order to reveal the effect of rainfall and returning cropland to forest on the characteristics of water and sediment in Yanhe river basin, this paper bases on the measured data of precipitation, river runoff and sediment transport in Yanhe Ganyi station control area from 1960 to 2010. The characteristics of sediment variation in Yanhe River and its response to precipitation in the basin are analyzed statistically and the changes of sediment in Yanhe River before and after the conversion of farmland are compared and analyzed (with 2002 as the boundary). The results show that during the period of 1960-2010, the precipitation, runoff and sediment discharge in the control area of Gangu post station in Yanhe River and in June to September of flood season show the trend of fluctuation and decreasing, and the precipitation in flood season. The runoff and sediment discharge value account for 64.81.7% and 98.1% of the annual value, and the annual and flood season sediment discharge has a very significant positive correlation with the runoff, and the variation of runoff can explain the change of annual and flood season sediment discharge by 87.6% and 92.2%, respectively. The change of precipitation can explain 22.7% and 23.6% of sediment transport in annual and flood season respectively, the average sediment discharge, runoff and runoff coefficient of watershed after returning farmland are significantly lower than those before and after returning farmland, and the difference of precipitation before and after returning farmland is excluded. The project contributed 87.5% and 86.9% to the annual and flood season cumulative sediment discharge, and 77.4% and 75.4% to the annual and flood season cumulative runoff change, respectively. The study shows that the average runoff, runoff coefficient and sediment discharge can be significantly reduced in the year and flood season.
【作者單位】： 陜西師范大學(xué)旅游與環(huán)境學(xué)院;中國科學(xué)院寒區(qū)旱區(qū)環(huán)境與工程研究所;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金“黃土區(qū)典型鄉(xiāng)土草本植物對土壤侵蝕動力學(xué)過程的調(diào)控機(jī)理研究”(41571260)
【分類號】：S157.1

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