發(fā)布時間：2018-04-26 01:16

  本文選題：農(nóng)業(yè)機械 + 果園開溝施肥��； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：施肥是果園作業(yè)中的重要工序,適時、適量的肥料施用會促進果樹生長,提高果品產(chǎn)量,改善果品質(zhì)量。目前我國果園施肥技術(shù)主要包括水肥一體化技術(shù)和機械開溝施肥,隨著果園面積及果品產(chǎn)量的不斷增加,果園生產(chǎn)管理的現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展必將成為趨勢�，F(xiàn)有的果園施肥機械大多采用傳統(tǒng)條開溝施肥,存在作業(yè)功耗大、效率低、肥料利用率低、施肥深度及位置不滿足農(nóng)藝要求等問題。本文設(shè)計了一種新型果園開溝施肥機,該機一次進地,能同時進行開溝、施肥作業(yè),并且可以進行曲線開溝,兼施化肥和有機肥,能有效地解決果園開溝施肥過程中的功耗大、效率低、肥料利用率低等問題。本文主要研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)論如下:(1)果園開溝施肥機整機設(shè)計在對果園施肥情況實地調(diào)研和對國內(nèi)外果園開溝施肥機械深入分析的基礎(chǔ)上,確定了機具基本結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù);結(jié)合果園施肥農(nóng)藝需求,通過多方案對比,最終確定了整機設(shè)計方案。(2)關(guān)鍵部件的設(shè)計設(shè)計了一種立式旋耕開溝部件和化肥有機肥兼施的施肥裝置;同時為了實現(xiàn)曲線開溝,對伸縮臂、可伸縮聯(lián)軸器、液壓缸進行了設(shè)計及選型,該設(shè)計可有效解決傳統(tǒng)條開溝施肥功耗大、工作效率低、肥料利用率低的問題;運用Creo軟件對各部件進行三維造型,并完成整機虛擬裝配,無干涉現(xiàn)象。(3)立式旋耕開溝試驗裝備設(shè)計及制作為了驗證立式旋耕曲線開溝方式的合理性,考察開溝效果,確定立式旋耕開溝作業(yè)的最佳工作、結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),通過多方案比較設(shè)計了立式旋耕開溝施肥試驗裝置,通過EDEM軟件分析了立式旋耕開溝施肥的可行性,完成試驗裝備的制作。(4)土槽試驗利用土槽試驗平臺進行了立式旋耕開溝試驗,結(jié)果證明:立式旋耕曲線開溝方式合理,作業(yè)后對土壤擾動小;在開溝器轉(zhuǎn)速330 r/min,前進速度0.703km/h,開溝器刀片數(shù)3,旋轉(zhuǎn)直徑300 mm時,牽引阻力、拖拉機輸出軸功耗最低,且整機開溝穩(wěn)定性良好。(5)關(guān)鍵部件優(yōu)化在土槽試驗結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上對整機的結(jié)構(gòu)及傳動系統(tǒng)進行了優(yōu)化。
[Abstract]:Fertilization is an important process in orchard operation. In good time, proper amount of fertilizer can promote fruit growth, increase fruit yield and improve fruit quality. At present, the fertilization technology of orchard in our country mainly includes the integrated technology of water and fertilizer and the mechanized furrow fertilization. With the increasing of orchard area and fruit yield, the modernization of orchard production and management will become the trend. Most of the existing fertilization machinery in orchards use the traditional strip and ditch fertilization, which has the problems of large power consumption, low efficiency, low fertilizer utilization rate, and the depth and location of fertilization do not meet the agronomic requirements. In this paper, a new type of orchard trenching and fertilizing machine is designed. This machine can be used to open the ditch and fertilize at the same time, and it can also be used in the curve and the application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, which can effectively solve the problem of high power consumption in the process of fertilizing the ditch in the orchard. Low efficiency, low fertilizer utilization rate and other problems. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the design of the whole machine of the orchard trench fertilization machine is based on the investigation of the fertilization situation in the orchard and the deep analysis of the domestic and foreign orchard trench fertilization machinery, and the basic structural parameters of the machine are determined. According to the requirement of fertilization and agronomy of orchard, through the comparison of many schemes, the key parts of the whole machine design scheme. 2) have been designed a kind of vertical rotary tillage and furrow opening part and fertilizer organic fertilizer application, meanwhile, in order to realize the curve trench opening, The design and selection of telescopic arm, telescopic coupling and hydraulic cylinder are carried out. The design can effectively solve the problems of high power consumption, low working efficiency and low fertilizer utilization rate of traditional grooving fertilization. In order to verify the rationality of the vertical rotary tillage curve, investigate the effect of trench opening, determine the best work of vertical rotary tillage and trench opening, and complete the virtual assembly of the whole machine without interference phenomenon. The design and manufacture of the vertical rotary tillage trench opening test equipment are in order to verify the rationality of the vertical rotary tillage curve opening method. The structural parameters were compared and the vertical rotary tillage and ditch fertilization test device was designed by comparison of multiple schemes. The feasibility of vertical rotary tillage and ditch fertilization was analyzed by EDEM software. The vertical rotary tillage trench test was carried out by using the soil trough test platform. The results showed that the vertical rotary tillage curve was reasonable and the soil disturbance was small after operation. When the speed of the trench is 330 r / min, the speed is 0.703 km / h, the blade number is 3 and the diameter of rotation is 300 mm, the traction resistance and the power consumption of the tractor output shaft are the lowest. The structure and transmission system of the whole machine are optimized on the basis of the test results of soil groove.
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S224.2

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