本文選題：農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng) + 碳源�。� 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：不斷排放的CO2和CH4等溫室氣體加劇了全球溫室效應,引起了以氣候變暖為標志的氣候變化,造成了氣候惡化等生態(tài)問題。全球氣候變暖帶來的氣候環(huán)境惡化成為目前面臨的主要環(huán)境問題,如何減少空氣中溫室氣體的排放以及深入研究有關陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳循環(huán)以及碳源和碳匯等問題,成為當今探索氣候變化的重點問題。然而,土地作為人類活動的主要載體,農(nóng)作物的大量耕種,讓農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)成為溫室氣體主要的碳源和碳匯,農(nóng)作物在利用光合作用以及一些人為活動直接或間接的吸收CO2的同時,也通過農(nóng)作物本身、土壤的呼吸作用以及農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)投入所帶來的化石燃料等原料的消耗間接的向大氣釋放CO2。并且隨著人口的增加、人類生活質量的提高,不得不增加耕作強度,農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)將產(chǎn)生越來越多的碳排放量。在如今倡導低碳減排的背景下,研究如何實現(xiàn)農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)固碳增匯成為農(nóng)業(yè)領域亟需解決的重要問題。以2003-2012年濰坊市數(shù)據(jù)資料為基礎,收集濰坊市10年間主要農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量值、種植面積以及農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)投入過程中有關農(nóng)藥、化肥、農(nóng)膜、農(nóng)機、柴油以及灌溉的使用數(shù)據(jù),對濰坊市農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的碳源和碳匯狀況進行系統(tǒng)分析。研究結果表明:(1)對2003-2012年濰坊市農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳排放和碳吸收總量進行分析,農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳源大于碳匯,10年碳吸收總量達到21735.98萬t,碳排放量達到160743.96萬t,碳排放總量與碳吸收總量的比值為1:7.4,且農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳吸收量和碳排放量的增長率分別為10.69%和7.02%�？紤]碳排放強度以及碳吸收強度,碳排放強度增長率從2003年的0.055%減少到2012年的0.048%,而碳吸收強度的增長率從2003年的1.18%增加到2012年的1.98%。碳吸收強度相對于碳排放強度明顯較高,表明濰坊市農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具備一定的碳匯功能。(2)對12種主要的農(nóng)田作物進行研究后發(fā)現(xiàn),蔬菜、玉米、小麥對農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的貢獻較大,所占比例分別為73.31%、12.31%和11.68%。(3)蔬菜作為主要的碳匯作物,其比例為73.31%,從6種不同碳排放途徑進行分析,農(nóng)田灌溉是主要的碳源,所占比例為87.32%。10年間,蔬菜的碳吸收量呈現(xiàn)出先減少后增加的趨勢,由于糧食作物帶來的經(jīng)濟效益較低,一些農(nóng)戶選擇利用高經(jīng)濟效益的蔬菜等經(jīng)濟作物取代低經(jīng)濟效益的糧食作物。其他作物的碳吸收量量相對較小,占碳總吸收量的2.66%。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)投入的六種碳排放途徑中,碳排放比例中農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉比例最重,2012年農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉的碳排放量占碳排放總量的86.48%,隨著不斷增加耕地有效灌溉面積,農(nóng)田灌溉碳排放得到增長;同時由于濰坊市提倡有機、綠色食品的生產(chǎn),農(nóng)藥和化肥的使用量逐漸減少,二者造成的碳排放數(shù)量也逐漸減少。(4)10年間濰坊市農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)凈碳匯均小于0,農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為碳源系統(tǒng),且碳匯量變化趨勢呈現(xiàn)三階段波動變化。同時,碳匯強度整體呈現(xiàn)波動減少的狀態(tài),由于近幾年種植面積的逐漸加大引起了凈碳匯的增加,碳吸收小幅度遞增,且碳排放量也表現(xiàn)出一定程度的增加。由于碳排放總量遠遠超過了碳吸收總量,說明濰坊市能源消耗所占的比重較大,也同時反映出濰坊市農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳排放和碳吸收的極度不平衡。雖然灌溉的使用,使得濰坊市保證了較高產(chǎn)量的蔬菜供應,但是削弱了農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的碳匯功能,這種形勢不容樂觀。(5)碳足跡減幅為0.221萬hm2,碳足跡由38.990萬hm2減少到38.769萬hm2,整體呈現(xiàn)遞減的趨勢。碳足跡與生態(tài)生產(chǎn)性土地面積的比例較低,比值為1.456%。碳足跡強度10年的均值達到0.14 hm2/萬元,且農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)每增加1萬元的產(chǎn)值可以制造0.14 hm2的碳足跡。濰坊市農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳足跡強度數(shù)值較低,反映出濰坊市農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在能源利用方面效率較高,碳足跡效益也較高。2003-2012年間,碳足跡與該區(qū)域的生態(tài)承載力的差值均為負值,濰坊市農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)依舊處于碳生態(tài)盈余狀態(tài)。(6)土地利用方式、農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)投入在影響濰坊市農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳源和碳匯的因素中是最主要的三個因素;同時,氣候條件和降水量以及不同的農(nóng)作物種植種類和土壤條件都是影響碳源和碳匯的因素。
[Abstract]:Greenhouse gases, such as CO2 and CH4, have intensified the global greenhouse effect, resulting in climate change marked by climate warming, resulting in ecological problems, such as climate deterioration. The deterioration of the climate and environment caused by global warming has become the main environmental problem at present. How to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases in the air and further study The carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems, carbon sources and carbon sequestration issues have become a key issue in the exploration of climate change. However, as the main carrier of human activities, land is cultivated in large quantities, making the farmland ecosystem become the main carbon source and carbon sink of greenhouse gases, and crops are using photosynthesis and some human activities. With the direct or indirect absorption of CO2, the consumption of the raw materials such as the crop itself, the respiration of the soil and the consumption of fossil fuels brought by the agricultural production input will release CO2. indirectly to the atmosphere. As the population increases, the improvement of the quality of human life has to increase the intensity of farming, and the farmland ecosystem will produce more and more. The more carbon emissions, in the background of low carbon emission reduction, the study of how to achieve carbon sequestration in the farmland ecosystem has become an important problem to be solved in the agricultural field. Based on the data of the city of Weifang in 2003-2012 years, the output value of major crops, the area of planting and the input of agricultural production in the period of 10 years are collected. The carbon sources and carbon sequestration conditions of agricultural ecosystem in Weifang were analyzed systematically by the data of pesticide, chemical fertilizer, agricultural membrane, agricultural machinery, diesel and irrigation. The results showed that: (1) the carbon emission and carbon absorption of farmland ecosystem in Weifang city were analyzed in 2003-2012 years. The carbon source of farmland ecosystem was larger than carbon sink, and the carbon absorption was total for 10 years. The amount reached 217 million 359 thousand and 800 t, the carbon emissions reached 1 billion 607 million 439 thousand and 600 t, the ratio of carbon emission to carbon absorption was 1:7.4, and the growth rate of carbon absorption and carbon emission of farmland ecosystem was 10.69% and 7.02%. respectively, and carbon emission intensity and carbon absorption intensity were considered. The growth rate of carbon emission intensity decreased from 0.055% in 2003 to 0.048 in 2012. %, and the growth rate of carbon absorption intensity increased from 1.18% in 2003 to 2012, the 1.98%. carbon absorption intensity was significantly higher than the carbon emission intensity, indicating that Weifang farmland ecosystem has a certain carbon sequestration function. (2) after the study of 12 major cropland crops, it was found that vegetable, vegetable, corn, and wheat contributed greatly to the farmland ecosystem. The proportion of the 73.31%, 12.31% and 11.68%. (3) vegetables as the main carbon sink crops, the proportion of 73.31%, from the 6 different ways of carbon emission analysis, farmland irrigation is the main carbon source, the proportion of the proportion of 87.32%.10 years, the carbon absorption of vegetables first decreased and then increased, due to the economic efficiency of grain crops. The benefit is low, some farmers choose to use economic crops such as high economic benefits to replace low economic crops. The carbon absorption of other crops is relatively small and the total carbon absorption of the six kinds of 2.66%. agricultural production inputs, the proportion of agricultural irrigation in the proportion of carbon emissions is the heaviest, the agricultural irrigation carbon row in 2012. 86.48% of the total amount of carbon emissions, with the continuous increase of the effective irrigation area of cultivated land, the carbon emissions from farmland irrigation have been increased. At the same time, because of the promotion of organic food in Weifang, the use of pesticides and fertilizers is gradually reduced, and the amount of carbon emissions from the two is gradually reduced. (4) the net carbon of farmland ecosystem in Weifang during the 10 years. The remittance is less than 0, and the cropland ecosystem is carbon source system, and the trend of carbon sequestration varies in the three stage. At the same time, the intensity of carbon sequestration decreases as a whole. As the growing area increases in recent years, the net carbon sink increases, the carbon absorption amplitude increases, and the carbon emissions also increase to a certain extent. As the total amount of carbon emissions is far beyond the total amount of carbon absorption, the proportion of energy consumption in Weifang is larger, and it also reflects the extreme imbalance of carbon emission and carbon absorption in the farmland ecosystem in Weifang. Although the use of irrigation makes Weifang a high yield of vegetable supply, but weakens the carbon of the farmland ecosystem. This situation is not optimistic. (5) the carbon footprint is reduced to 2 thousand and 210 Hm2, the carbon footprint is reduced from 389 thousand and 900 hm2 to 387 thousand and 690 Hm2, and the overall trend is decreasing. The ratio of carbon footprint to eco productive land area is low, the ratio of 1.456%. carbon footprint to 10 years is 0.14 hm2/ million, and the farmland ecosystem increases by 10 thousand. The output value of yuan can produce a carbon footprint of 0.14 hm2. The carbon footprint intensity of Weifang farmland ecosystem is low, which reflects the high efficiency of the agricultural ecosystem in Weifang, and the efficiency of the carbon footprint is higher in the period of.2003-2012, the difference between the carbon footprint and the ecological carrying capacity of the region is negative, and the farmland ecosystem in Weifang It is still in the carbon ecological surplus state. (6) the land use mode, crop yield and agricultural production input are the most important three factors in the factors affecting the carbon source and carbon sink of the farmland ecosystem in Weifang. At the same time, the climatic conditions and precipitation as well as the different crop species and soil conditions are the causes of carbon and carbon sequestration. Prime.

【學位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S181

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 趙先超;朱翔;周躍云;;湖南省不同土地利用方式的碳排放效應及時空格局分析[J];環(huán)境科學學報;2013年03期

2 劉靜暖;于暢;孫亞南;;低碳農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟理論與實現(xiàn)模式探索[J];經(jīng)濟縱橫;2012年06期

3 韓召迎;孟亞利;劉麗平;劉娜麗;周治國;;基于區(qū)域土地利用變化的能源碳足跡改進算法及應用[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學報;2012年09期

4 揣小偉;黃賢金;鄭澤慶;張梅;廖啟林;賴力;盧俊宇;;江蘇省土地利用變化對陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳儲量的影響[J];資源科學;2011年10期

5 史磊剛;陳阜;孔凡磊;范士超;;華北平原冬小麥-夏玉米種植模式碳足跡研究[J];中國人口.資源與環(huán)境;2011年09期

6 計軍平;馬曉明;;碳足跡的概念和核算方法研究進展[J];生態(tài)經(jīng)濟;2011年04期

7 黃國勤;趙其國;;低碳經(jīng)濟、低碳農(nóng)業(yè)與低碳作物生產(chǎn)[J];江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學學報(社會科學版);2011年01期

8 鄧舟;耿欣;張麗穎;張妍;申利娜;王偉;;沼氣利用方式的碳足跡分析[J];環(huán)境衛(wèi)生工程;2010年05期

9 趙榮欽;黃賢金;鐘太洋;;中國不同產(chǎn)業(yè)空間的碳排放強度與碳足跡分析[J];地理學報;2010年09期

10 夏德建;任玉瓏;史樂峰;;中國煤電能源鏈的生命周期碳排放系數(shù)計量[J];統(tǒng)計研究;2010年08期

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 徐小明;吉林西部水田土壤碳庫時空模擬及水稻生產(chǎn)的碳足跡研究[D];吉林大學;2011年

，

本文編號：1799963