本文選題：喀斯特 + 黃壤�。� 參考：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以喀斯特黃壤土分布區(qū)的兩個典型小流域為研究區(qū)域,通過小型氣象站和不同土地利用類型坡面徑流小區(qū)5年的觀測實驗,記錄降雨量、降雨強度、產(chǎn)流量和產(chǎn)沙量等特征值,探究研究區(qū)的降水特征、降雨侵蝕力和侵蝕性降雨標(biāo)準,產(chǎn)流產(chǎn)沙特征以及產(chǎn)流與產(chǎn)沙之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系,可以為黃壤的侵蝕預(yù)報和地區(qū)農(nóng)林業(yè)生產(chǎn)提供必要依據(jù),得到以下結(jié)論：EI30為計算降雨侵蝕力指標(biāo)R的最佳結(jié)構(gòu)形式,降雨侵蝕力指標(biāo)R可以通過PI30進行簡易計算。黃壤裸地的侵蝕性降雨指標(biāo)應(yīng)采用最大30 min降雨強度,其值在9.6-10.2mm·h-1之間；耕地的侵蝕性降雨指標(biāo)應(yīng)采用雨量標(biāo)準；水土保持措施可明顯提高侵蝕性降雨標(biāo)準,較裸地和耕地分別提高55%和25%以上,復(fù)雜下墊面宜采用雨量標(biāo)準,低植被覆蓋下墊面宜采用最大時段雨強標(biāo)準�？λ固氐孛矃^(qū)黃壤坡面入滲十分強烈,產(chǎn)流量小,徑流系數(shù)較低,且在不同土地利用條件下差異不大。坡改梯、經(jīng)果林、荒草地、水保林土壤侵蝕強度都在微度水平,坡耕地在中度-強度水平,坡改梯和經(jīng)果林都可有效降低坡面侵蝕強度。對于耕地,少數(shù)的幾次暴雨侵蝕過程貢獻了絕大部分產(chǎn)沙量,水保林的減沙效果最為突出。降水強度對植被覆蓋高的土地利用類型的產(chǎn)沙量影響不大。不同土地利用類型的次降雨產(chǎn)沙量和產(chǎn)流量呈明顯的線性關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:In this paper, two typical small watersheds in the distribution area of karst yellow loam were used as the study area. The rainfall and intensity of rainfall were recorded through 5 years observation experiments of small meteorological stations and runoff plots on different land use types. The characteristics of precipitation, rainfall erosivity and erosive rainfall standards, the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield, and the correlation between runoff and sediment yield in the study area are explored. It can provide the necessary basis for erosion prediction of yellow soil and agricultural and forestry production in the region. The following conclusions can be drawn: 1: EI30 is the best structural form for calculating rainfall erosivity index R, and the rainfall erosivity index R can be easily calculated by PI30. The maximum rainfall intensity of 30 min and the value of 9.6-10.2mm h-1 should be adopted for the erosive rainfall index of the bare soil of yellow soil, the rainfall standard should be adopted for the erosive rainfall index of cultivated land, and the soil and water conservation measures could obviously improve the erosive rainfall standard. Compared with bare land and cultivated land, 55% and 25% higher than that of bare land and cultivated land, the rainfall standard should be used for complex underlying surface and the maximum rainfall intensity standard for low vegetation cover. The infiltration on the slope of yellow soil in karst geomorphology area is very strong, the runoff coefficient is low, and the runoff coefficient is low, and the difference is not obvious under different land use conditions. The soil erosion intensity of slope change, fruit forest, barren grassland and water conservation forest are all at the low level, the slope cultivated land is at the moderate intensity level, and the slope change ladder and forest can effectively reduce the slope surface erosion intensity. For cultivated land, a few rainstorm erosion processes contributed most of the sediment yield, and the silt reduction effect of water conservation forest was the most prominent. Precipitation intensity has little effect on sediment yield of land use type with high vegetation cover. There was a linear relationship between sediment yield and runoff in different land use types.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S157.1

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