本文選題：渭北旱塬區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：植被恢復(fù)模式　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以渭北旱塬區(qū)2種典型植被恢復(fù)模式(紫花苜蓿人工草地與刺槐人工林)為研究對(duì)象,天然草地與農(nóng)用地為對(duì)照,采用干篩法將土壤篩分為0.25 mm、0.25~1 mm、1~2 mm與2 mm等粒級(jí),研究不同植被恢復(fù)模式對(duì)土壤理化性質(zhì)、土壤微生物量、土壤團(tuán)聚體微生物量的影響。研究結(jié)果如下:1、紫花苜蓿人工草地與刺槐人工林可以改善土壤質(zhì)量,降低土壤容重。不同植被恢復(fù)模式各層土壤容重為1.21~1.38 g·cm-3,不同植被恢復(fù)模式對(duì)土壤容重的影響在0~20cm層差異不顯著,而在20~40 cm土層顯著差異(P0.05)。不同植被類(lèi)型間總體上為:苜蓿草地農(nóng)用地天然草地刺槐林地。建植苜蓿與刺槐土壤含水量均會(huì)隨著恢復(fù)年限的增加而減少,說(shuō)明渭北旱塬區(qū)水分是制約植被恢復(fù)的重要限制因子,因此對(duì)渭北旱塬區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境的綜合治理應(yīng)充分重視水分供應(yīng)。2、土壤團(tuán)聚體含量隨粒徑的變化呈現(xiàn)出“V”字形變化:0.25 mm的微團(tuán)聚體與2mm的團(tuán)聚體含量高,而中間的粒級(jí)比例低。種植苜蓿、刺槐等可以顯著減少土壤微團(tuán)聚體,促進(jìn)土壤團(tuán)聚。種植苜蓿、刺槐對(duì)土壤淺表層的團(tuán)聚作用優(yōu)于天然草地與農(nóng)用地。隨土層深度的增加大團(tuán)聚體含量趨向穩(wěn)定。3、不同年限的苜蓿與刺槐植被恢復(fù)模式可以明顯改善土壤質(zhì)量,提高土壤肥力。土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)與全氮,全磷與速效磷,速效磷與有效鉀均極顯著相關(guān)(P0.01);微生物量碳與土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮及微生物物量氮與全氮顯著正相關(guān)(P0.05)。各土層微生物量碳、氮在不同植被恢復(fù)模式間都達(dá)到極顯著相關(guān)的水平(P0.01)。土壤微生物量碳、氮與有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮相比較,可以更靈敏地指示土壤質(zhì)量變化,因此,土壤微生物生物量在渭北旱塬區(qū)的植被恢復(fù)成效評(píng)價(jià)中應(yīng)引起一定的重視。4、不同生長(zhǎng)年限的苜蓿草地土壤質(zhì)量隨著年限的增長(zhǎng)先增長(zhǎng)后下降,苜蓿11年整體恢復(fù)效果最佳。不同恢復(fù)年限刺槐人工林整體土壤質(zhì)量隨年限增加呈現(xiàn)先增長(zhǎng)后下降趨勢(shì),刺槐21年恢復(fù)效果最佳。渭北旱塬區(qū)紫花苜蓿人工草地在恢復(fù)11年后應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)行合理利用或進(jìn)行其他人工干預(yù)以延長(zhǎng)草地使用壽命;人工刺槐林建植21年左右也應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)行合理干預(yù)或利用。
[Abstract]:In this paper, two typical vegetation restoration models (alfalfa artificial grassland and Robinia pseudoacacia plantation) in Weibei dryland were studied, and natural grassland and agricultural land were compared. The soil was sifted with dry sieve method to divide the soil into 0.251mm and 2mm in grain size.The effects of different vegetation restoration models on soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial biomass and soil aggregate microbial biomass were studied.The results are as follows: 1. Alfalfa artificial grassland and Robinia pseudoacacia plantation can improve soil quality and reduce soil bulk density.The soil bulk density of different vegetation restoration models was 1.21 ~ 1.38 g cm ~ (-3). The effect of different vegetation restoration models on soil bulk density was not significant in 0~20cm layer, but significantly different in 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer.The different vegetation types are: alfalfa grassland agricultural land natural grassland Robinia pseudoacacia forest land.The soil moisture content of alfalfa and Robinia pseudoacacia decreased with the increase of restoration years, indicating that water is an important limiting factor for vegetation restoration in Weibei dryland.Therefore, the comprehensive management of ecological environment in Weibei dryland should pay more attention to water supply. The content of soil aggregate with the change of particle size shows a high content of "V" shape microaggregate and a high content of 2mm aggregate, but the ratio of middle grain size is low.Planting alfalfa and Robinia pseudoacacia can significantly reduce soil microaggregates and promote soil aggregation.The agglomeration effect of Robinia pseudoacacia on shallow surface layer of alfalfa was better than that of natural grassland and agricultural land.The content of large aggregates tended to be stable with the increase of soil depth. The restoration model of alfalfa and Robinia pseudoacacia with different years could improve soil quality and soil fertility significantly.Soil organic matter and total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly correlated with P0.01N, microbial biomass carbon and soil organic matter, total nitrogen and microbial biomass nitrogen were positively correlated with total nitrogen.Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in different soil layers were significantly correlated with each other in different vegetation restoration models (P 0.01).Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, compared with organic matter and total nitrogen, can more sensitively indicate changes in soil quality.Soil microbial biomass should be paid attention to in the evaluation of vegetation restoration effect in Weibei arid plateau. The soil quality of alfalfa grassland with different growth years increased first and then decreased with the increase of the number of years, and the overall recovery effect of alfalfa for 11 years was the best.The soil quality of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation with different restoration years increased first and then decreased with the increase of the number of years, and the effect of 21 years of Robinia pseudoacacia restoration was the best.After 11 years of restoration, alfalfa artificial grassland in Weibei dryland should be rationally utilized or other artificial intervention to prolong the service life of grassland, and artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest should be established for 21 years or so with reasonable intervention or utilization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S154.3

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號(hào)：1716080