本文選題：低溫菌劑　切入點：秸稈還田　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本課題利用由低溫纖維素分解菌和低溫生物表面活性劑以1:1比例配成的低溫復(fù)合微生物菌劑降解秸稈來提高玉米秸稈的降解效率,結(jié)合大壟的保護性耕作措施,研究以復(fù)合微生物菌劑降解秸稈還田對土壤氮碳和微生物以及細菌多樣性的影響,并采用PCR-DGGE方法闡釋了低溫復(fù)合菌劑降解秸稈還田處理對土壤細菌多樣性變化的作用,以期利用低溫復(fù)合菌劑提高玉米秸稈降解效率,結(jié)合大壟深松的保護性耕作技術(shù),為修護黑土地力,改善農(nóng)村環(huán)境,發(fā)展可持續(xù)的綠色農(nóng)業(yè)提供可行方法。本試驗得出的主要結(jié)論有:(1)低溫復(fù)合菌劑的使用顯著地增加了土壤全氮和銨態(tài)氮;低溫復(fù)合菌劑處理的硝態(tài)氮含量最高,低溫復(fù)合菌劑、纖維素分解菌和低溫纖維素分解菌處理土壤微生物量氮含量較高。(2)低溫復(fù)合菌劑對土壤有機質(zhì)含量有顯著影響,比對照處理提高了2.8%,效果最佳;其次是為低溫纖維素分解菌處理。灌漿期土壤微生物量碳含量最高,同時低溫菌劑處理的土壤微生物碳含量高于其他處理,平均為57.16mg/kg,是對照的1.64倍。(3)土壤細菌數(shù)量最多的是低溫生物表面活性劑處理,施用了低溫復(fù)合菌劑的處理和施用了低溫生物表面活性劑處理可以顯著提高土壤細菌數(shù)量。土壤中的真菌變化呈現(xiàn)低溫好于常溫好于對照的趨勢。在所有的生長期中,低溫復(fù)合菌處理的放線菌數(shù)量是最高的,其次是低纖維素分解菌和生物表面活性劑處理。(4)土壤脲酶活性低溫菌劑的處理明顯提高,常溫復(fù)合菌處理略高于對照,其余均低于對照;低溫復(fù)合菌劑處理在整個生育期土壤過氧化氫酶活性均為最高;其次是復(fù)合菌處理,纖維素分解菌處理次之,其它處理過氧化氫酶活性為低溫生物表面活性劑處理低溫纖維素分解菌處理生物表面活性劑處理。(5)低溫生物表面活性劑處理和常溫生物表面活性劑處理的泳道的條帶較其他處理條帶更加清晰,許多條帶為共有條帶,也存在一些特有條帶。在玉米抽雄期,多樣性指數(shù)順序為低溫纖維素分解菌處理最高,低溫復(fù)合菌劑處理與對照相比差異不顯著。而均勻度指數(shù)中,低溫復(fù)合菌劑處理低于對照處理。DGGE分析顯示,施用低溫復(fù)合菌劑的處理與對照之間的距離較遠。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the degradation efficiency of corn straw was improved by using low temperature composite microbial microbial agent, which was composed of low temperature cellulose decomposing bacteria and low temperature biosurfactant at 1:1 ratio, combined with protective tillage measures of big ridge.In this paper, the effect of returning straw to soil with compound microbial microbial agent on soil nitrogen, carbon, microorganism and bacterial diversity was studied, and the effect of low temperature compound microorganism degradation on soil bacterial diversity was explained by PCR-DGGE method.In order to improve the degradation efficiency of corn straw by using low temperature compound bacteria, and combine with the conservation tillage technology of big ridge and deep loosening, this paper provides a feasible method for repairing the black soil, improving the rural environment and developing sustainable green agriculture.The main conclusions of this experiment are as follows: (1) the use of low temperature compound bacteria significantly increased soil total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, and the low temperature compound bacteria treatment had the highest nitrate nitrogen content, and low temperature compound bacteria agent,Cellulose decomposing bacteria and low temperature cellulose decomposing bacteria treated soil microbial biomass nitrogen content is higher. 2) low temperature compound bacteria has significant effect on soil organic matter content, which is 2.8% higher than the control treatment, and the effect is the best.The next is the treatment of low-temperature cellulose decomposing bacteria.Soil microbial biomass carbon content was the highest at filling stage, and the microbial carbon content of low temperature bacteria treatment was higher than that of other treatments, with an average of 57.16 mg / kg, which was 1.64 times as much as that of control.The application of low temperature compound bacteria and low temperature biosurfactant could significantly increase the number of soil bacteria.The changes of fungi in soil showed a tendency that low temperature was better than normal temperature better than control.In all the growth periods, the number of actinomycetes treated with low temperature compound bacteria was the highest, followed by low cellulose decomposing bacteria and biosurfactant treatment.The activity of catalase was the highest in low temperature compound bacteria treatment, followed by compound bacteria treatment and cellulose decomposing bacteria treatment.Other treatment catalase activity is low temperature biosurfactant treatment Cellulose decomposition bacteria treatment biosurfactant treatment. 5) low temperature biosurfactant treatment and room temperature biosurfactant treatmentThe bands are clearer than the other processing bands.Many bands are common bands, but there are also some unique bands.At the heading stage of maize, the order of diversity index was the highest in the treatment of low temperature cellulose decomposing bacteria, but there was no significant difference between the treatment of low temperature compound bacteria and that of the control.In the evenness index, the low temperature compound bacteria treatment was lower than the control treatment. DGGE analysis showed that the distance between the low temperature compound bacteria treatment and the control was longer than that of the control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S141.4

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本文編號：1716025