本文選題：微咸水　切入點(diǎn)：灌溉模式　出處：《山東理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：以取自山東省東營(yíng)市的重度鹽堿土為研究對(duì)象,進(jìn)行了室內(nèi)垂直一維積水入滲試驗(yàn),研究微咸水礦化度、不同咸淡水組合次序和組合比例條件下,土壤剖面含水率分布規(guī)律,并分析一維代數(shù)模型在土壤剖面含水率模擬中的適用性;分析不同灌溉模式下的土壤剖面全鹽量及鈉鈣鎂離子垂直分布特征;采用達(dá)標(biāo)脫鹽率、達(dá)標(biāo)脫鹽深度、SAR、ESP等指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)改良效果。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)微咸水參與灌溉有利于提高灌溉結(jié)束后的土壤剖面含水率,且不同的灌水模式對(duì)土壤剖面上含水率的影響不盡相同。直接灌溉條件下,礦化度為4 g·L-1的微咸水灌溉結(jié)束后的土壤剖面含水率最大,相較于淡水直接灌溉,在10-45 cm土層深度范圍內(nèi),各個(gè)土層含水率平均提高4%;組合灌溉條件下,先咸后淡組合次序下的土壤剖面含水率大于先淡后咸,且均勻程度更高,而淡水比例決定了灌溉結(jié)束后土壤剖面含水率與淡水直接灌溉的相似程度,淡水比例越大,則相似程度越高。(2)不同灌溉條件下的一維代數(shù)模型的土壤剖面含水率模擬精度存在一定差異。在微咸水直接灌溉條件下,4 g·L-1微咸水一維代數(shù)模型模擬結(jié)果精度最低,均方根誤差(RMSE)和符合度指數(shù)(D)分別為:2.29%和0.90;咸淡水組合灌溉條件下,先淡后咸模擬精度優(yōu)于先咸后淡,且不同礦化度微咸水的一維代數(shù)模型模擬精度受組合比例影響顯著;但所有實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下的模擬結(jié)果均方根誤差(RMSE)均小于2.80%,符合度指數(shù)(D)均大于0.90,說(shuō)明一維代數(shù)模型對(duì)描述微咸水灌溉條件下重度鹽堿土剖面含水率具有較好的適用性。(3)相較于直接灌溉,先咸后淡組合次序有利于淋洗中上層土壤中的鹽分,而先淡后咸組合次序有利于淋洗下層土壤中的鹽分,淡水比例越大,則全鹽量達(dá)到淡水直接灌溉條件的土層深度越大;當(dāng)?shù)V化度低于3 g·L-1時(shí),先咸后淡組合次序使得土壤中鈉離子淋洗程度超過(guò)淡水直接灌溉,且淡水比例越大,達(dá)到該結(jié)果的土層深度越大,其中,在0-40 cm土層深度范圍內(nèi),2 g·L-1微咸水先咸后淡組合灌溉相較于直接灌溉的鈉離子淋洗量平均提高15%以上;先灌淡水加速淋洗深層土壤鈣離子,后灌淡水則加速淋洗上層土壤鈣離子,淡水比例越大,鈣離子淋洗效果較優(yōu)的土層深度范圍越大,隨著淡水比例的增加,先咸后淡組合次序下的鈣離子淋洗效果達(dá)到淡水直接灌溉效果的土層深度分別提升至15 cm、25 cm和35 cm;而微咸水直接灌溉對(duì)鎂離子的淋洗程度超過(guò)淡水,且先咸后淡有利于淋洗深層土壤中的鎂離子,而先淡后咸有利于淋洗中上層土壤中的鎂離子,微咸水比例越大,鎂離子淋洗程度更優(yōu)的土層深度越大。(4)相較于微咸水直接灌溉,咸淡水組合灌溉不僅有利于增加達(dá)標(biāo)脫鹽深度,還有利于提高達(dá)標(biāo)脫鹽深度范圍內(nèi)的平均脫鹽率,同時(shí)改善該范圍內(nèi)的脫鹽均勻性;當(dāng)土層深度超過(guò)40 cm時(shí),直接灌溉和組合灌溉條件下的全鹽量、SAR和ESP都會(huì)出現(xiàn)峰值,使得土壤質(zhì)量惡化。當(dāng)?shù)V化度超過(guò)4 g·L-1時(shí),在5-15 cm土層深度范圍內(nèi),直接灌溉使得土壤質(zhì)量出現(xiàn)惡化,但先咸后淡組合灌溉有利于改善這一問(wèn)題,且淡水比例越大,改善效果越明顯。
[Abstract]:From Shandong city of Dongying Province in the heavy saline soil as the research object, the indoor vertical one-dimensional infiltration experiments, study of brackish water salinity, brackish water and different combination order mix conditions, soil water content distribution, and analysis of one dimensional algebraic models in simulation of soil water content; the analysis of vertical distribution of calcium and magnesium salt in soil profile under different irrigation patterns and characteristics of the desalting rate of sodium; desalting, depth, SAR, ESP and other indicators of improvement effect evaluation. The main results are as follows: (1) the brackish water in irrigation is conducive to improve the soil moisture profile after the end of the irrigation rate and irrigation mode the different effects on soil moisture content is not the same. The direct irrigation condition, degree of mineralization of soil moisture profile of brackish water irrigation 4 g L-1 after the end of the maximum rate, compared with fresh water Direct irrigation at 10-45 cm soil depth range, the soil moisture content increased 4%; condition of combined irrigation, soil moisture profile first light after the combination of the salty rate is greater than after the first light salty, and more uniform, while the proportion of fresh water determines the soil water content similarity and freshwater irrigation directly after irrigation, water ratio increases, the degree of similarity is high. (2) there are some differences in soil profile moisture simulation accuracy model under different irrigation conditions in brackish water. One dimensional algebraic direct irrigation condition, 4 g - L-1 of brackish water one dimensional algebraic model simulation results the lowest precision, the root mean square error (RMSE) and conformity index (D) were 2.29% and 0.90; the combination of salt and fresh water irrigation condition, after the first light salty salty light after the simulation precision better than the first, and the model of different salinity of brackish water by the combination of one-dimensional algebraic simulation accuracy ratio influence Significant; but the result of the simulation of all the experimental conditions of the root mean square error (RMSE) were less than 2.80%, with index (D) were greater than 0.90, indicating one dimensional algebraic model for describing the brackish water irrigation under the condition of severe saline alkali soil profile moisture has good applicability. (3) compared to the direct irrigation, first salty light combination is conducive to salt leaching in the upper layer, and after the first light salty combination is conducive to leaching in the lower soil salinity, water depth, and the greater the proportion of the total salt content reached fresh water irrigation more directly; when the salinity is lower than 3 G - L-1, the first light after the combination of salt the order of the sodium ion leaching degree in soil than fresh water irrigation and water directly, and the greater the proportion of soil depth reached the result is bigger, which, at 0-40 cm soil depth range, compared with the direct combination of sodium light Irrigation irrigation 2 G - L-1 first salty brackish water Ion leaching amount increased by more than 15% on average; the first irrigation water to accelerate the leaching of deep soil calcium, after irrigation water accelerated the leaching of upper soil calcium, fresh water and the greater the proportion of calcium ion leaching optimum soil depth is larger, with the increase of the proportion of fresh water, the depth of soil calcium leaching effect after the combination of light salty in order to directly under freshwater irrigation effects were increased to 15 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm; and the brackish water irrigation directly leaching degree of Mg ions than fresh water, and the first light after salt is conducive to magnesium ion in deep soil leaching, and after the first light salty to the upper soil magnesium ion leaching in brackish water, the greater the proportion of soil depth, the magnesium ion leaching degree better more. (4) compared to brackish water irrigation directly, brackish water irrigation combination will not only help to increase the desalting depth, and to improve the desalting depth The average desalination rate range, and improve the uniformity of the desalting range; when the soil depth is more than 40 cm, the total salt content directly combined irrigation and irrigation condition, SAR and ESP will peak, so the soil quality deterioration. When the salinity is more than 4 g, L-1, cm in 5-15 the depth range of direct irrigation makes the soil quality deterioration, but the first salty light after combination irrigation is conducive to the improvement of the problem, and the greater the proportion of fresh water, improve the effect is more obvious.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S156.4

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