本文選題：河口濕地　切入點：土壤有機質(zhì)　出處：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：河口濕地是陸地物質(zhì)向海洋輸送的主要緩沖場所,隨著城市的快速發(fā)展,大量的養(yǎng)分物質(zhì)排入內(nèi)陸河流,河水攜帶著養(yǎng)分物質(zhì)流經(jīng)河口濕地,排放至海洋當中,此過程勢必會對濕地土壤理化環(huán)境產(chǎn)生影響。河北省秦皇島市鴿子窩濕地和遼寧盤錦雙臺河口濕地都屬于國家級濕地自然保護區(qū),地處渤海灣內(nèi)半開放海域環(huán)境,土壤微環(huán)境十分特殊,同時受周期性淹水產(chǎn)生的厭氧條件和周期性海水鹽效應的影響,與陸地土壤相比具有地學、水文、化學、生物學等方面的特殊性。本文采用河口濕地室內(nèi)模擬實驗,在相對封閉的環(huán)境下模擬自然漲落潮活動,對河口濕地土壤基礎生化性狀的變化情況進行為期300天的監(jiān)測;同時對兩個濕地土壤進行連續(xù)一年(4月份到12月份)的野外定位采樣,探究河口濕地土壤有機質(zhì)來源以及監(jiān)測自然條件下土壤有機質(zhì)、微生物量及土壤基礎性狀等的變化;然后利用Arc GIS軟件對鴿子窩河口濕地土壤有機質(zhì)含量的時空變異情況進行分析;最后以玉米葉、萱藻、堿蓬草、蔗糖作為添加物料對河口濕地土壤進行了28天的連續(xù)培養(yǎng)。得出以下結(jié)論:(1)與自然條件下相比,兩個濕地的土壤在培養(yǎng)箱中有機質(zhì)含量偏低、土壤微生物量偏高、土壤p H值略小。兩個濕地的土壤有機質(zhì)含量在培養(yǎng)箱中第0-30天呈下降趨勢,隨后處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài);土壤微生物量在培養(yǎng)箱中前60天呈增加趨勢,鴿子窩濕地土壤出現(xiàn)小幅下降后含量趨于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),雙臺河濕地土壤從第60天開始下降,第150天下降到與剛開始持平狀態(tài)并逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定;兩個濕地的土壤p H值在培養(yǎng)箱中0-60天呈減小趨勢,隨后逐漸恢復到原來大小。(2)通過為期一年的野外連續(xù)取樣監(jiān)測結(jié)果表明,河口濕地土壤有機質(zhì)主要來自于濕地植物的凋落與海洋植物的分解;土壤有機質(zhì)含量變化趨勢為,鴿子窩濕地從4月份逐漸增加到7月份后進入穩(wěn)定期,10月份開始土壤有機質(zhì)含量逐漸下降到4月份的水平直至土壤進入冰凍狀態(tài)。雙臺河濕地在4月份逐漸增加到6月份后有所下降,8月份后與4月份含量持平并一直處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài);土壤微生物量變化趨勢為,鴿子窩濕地從4月份增加到8月份后處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),10月份到12月份呈下降趨勢,土壤開始冰凍時下降到了5月份水平。雙臺河濕地在4月份到8月份處于增加狀態(tài),隨后緩慢下降到與6月份持平水平,并趨于穩(wěn)定;土壤有機質(zhì)含量與微生物量呈顯著正相關(guān)。(3)鴿子窩濕地土壤有機質(zhì)含量具有一定的時空變異性。時間上,一年中有機質(zhì)含量最大值6.14 g/kg出現(xiàn)在夏季,最小值1.46 g/kg出現(xiàn)在冬季,年均值為2.87g/kg。春、夏、秋、冬四季的SOM含量變化范圍分別是:1.61~3.96 g/kg、1.65~6.14g/kg、1.81~5.17 g/kg、1.46~5.16 g/kg,表層土壤有機碳儲量大小按春、夏、冬、秋四季依次增大,有機碳儲量在冬春、春夏、夏秋、秋冬季節(jié)更替中的變化情況為減少93.07 t、增加77.63 t、增加108.93 t、減少93.49 t�？臻g上,土壤有機質(zhì)含量分布規(guī)律總體呈現(xiàn)西高東低的趨勢。(4)土壤有機質(zhì)激發(fā)效應實驗表明,在雙臺河濕地土壤中添加外源物表現(xiàn)出來的激發(fā)效果比鴿子窩濕地的土壤明顯,在鴿子窩濕地土壤中添加萱藻會表現(xiàn)出負激發(fā)效果,添加玉米葉、堿蓬草、蔗糖則表現(xiàn)出正激發(fā)效果,在雙臺河濕地土壤中添加玉米葉、萱藻、堿蓬草、蔗糖都表現(xiàn)出正激發(fā)效果。以玉米葉作為添加物,鴿子窩濕地土壤在0-7天激發(fā)效果表現(xiàn)為強烈正激發(fā),隨后轉(zhuǎn)為負激發(fā),雙臺河濕地土壤在0-7天激發(fā)效果表現(xiàn)為微弱的正激發(fā),隨后轉(zhuǎn)為負激發(fā);以萱藻作為添加物,雙臺河濕地土壤在0-28天都表現(xiàn)為正激發(fā),而鴿子窩濕地土壤在0-7天為強烈的正激發(fā),隨后轉(zhuǎn)為負激發(fā);以堿蓬草作為添加物,兩個濕地的土壤都表現(xiàn)為正激發(fā),但效果呈減弱趨勢;以蔗糖作為添加物,鴿子窩濕地的土壤在0-14天為強烈正激發(fā)效果,隨后轉(zhuǎn)為微弱的負激發(fā)效果,雙臺河濕地的土壤在0-28天都表現(xiàn)為正激發(fā),但在0-14天比較強烈,隨后轉(zhuǎn)為微弱正激發(fā)。
[Abstract]:The estuary wetland is the main place of land to ocean buffer material, with the rapid development of the city, a large number of nutrients discharged into the river, the river carries nutrients through the estuary wetland, discharge to the ocean, this process is bound to affect the wetland soil physicochemical environment. Hebei city of Qinhuangdao province and Liaoning Panjin dove nest wetland Shuangtaihekou wetland belongs to National Wetland Nature Reserve, located in the Gulf of Bohai semi open ocean environment, soil micro environment is very special, and affected by the periodic flooding produced by anaerobic conditions and periodic sea salt effect, compared with terrestrial soil with geology, hydrology, chemistry, biology and other aspects of the particularity estuarine wetland. This paper uses the indoor simulation experiment in a relatively closed environment to simulate the natural ebb and flow, the changes of estuary wetland soil basic biochemical characters. Monitoring for a period of 300 days; at the same time for the two consecutive year of wetland soil (April to December) the field sampling, explore the estuary wetland soil organic matter sources and monitoring under natural conditions, soil organic matter, changes of microbial biomass and soil foundation etc.; then the spatio-temporal variation of wetland soil organic dove Wo the matter was analyzed by Arc GIS software; finally, using corn leaves, scytosiphon, salsa grass, sucrose as material on estuarine wetland soil were cultured for 28 days. Draw the following conclusions: (1) compared with the natural conditions, two wetland soil organic matter content is low in the culture box. Soil microbial biomass is higher, soil P value of H is smaller. The content of soil organic matter in two wetlands in the incubator in 0-30 days showed a downward trend, then in a stable state; soil microbial biomass in the culture box in the top 60 Days showed an increasing trend, dove declined slightly after the nest wetland soil content tended to be stable, the Shuangtaihe wetland soil decreased from the beginning of the sixtieth day, 150th of the world down to begin with flat state and gradually stabilized; two wetland soil P H value in the incubator for 0-60 days decreased, then gradually restored to the original size. (2) through continuous field sampling and monitoring results for one year showed that the litter decomposition of wetland soil organic matter mainly from wetland plants and marine plants; change trend of soil organic matter content, dove nest wetlands from April increased to July after October entered a period of stability, soil organic matter the content gradually decreased to the level of April until the soil into the frozen state. Two river wetland in April increased to June declined after August and April were flat and has been In a stable state; soil microbial biomass trends, dove nest wetlands increased from April to August in a steady state, the downward trend in December to October, soil start freezing fell to the level in May. The Shuangtaihe wetland in April to August is increased, then decreased slowly to the level and tends to be flat with June, stability; there was significant positive correlation between soil organic matter content and microbial biomass. (3) dove Wo soil organic matter content in wetland has certain temporal and spatial variability. In time, the content of organic matter in a year, the maximum value of 6.14 g/ kg in the summer, the minimum value of 1.46 g/kg in winter, spring and summer average value is 2.87g/kg.. In autumn, winter seasons change range of SOM content are: 1.61~3.96 g/kg, 1.65~6.14g/kg, 1.81~5.17 g/kg, 1.46~5.16 g/kg, soil organic carbon reserves according to the size of the spring, summer, winter, autumn is increased in turn. Organic carbon reserves in the winter, spring and summer, summer, autumn and winter changes replacement for the reduction of the 93.07 T, increased 77.63 T, increased 108.93 T, 93.49 reduction in the T. space, the content of soil organic matter distribution shows the East West High low trend. (4) soil organic matter excitation effect experiments show that adding the effect of exogenous excitation thing show up in the river wetland soils in two wetland soil litter than dove, dove in the nest in the wetland soil added scytosiphon will exhibit negative effects, add corn leaves, salsa grass, sucrose had positive priming effect, add corn leaves, in the river wetland soils in double Taiwan scytosiphon, salsa grass, sucrose have shown a positive effect. In order to stimulate corn leaves as additives, dove Wo wetland soil in 0-7 days to stimulate the effect of the performance of strong excitation, then turn to negative, the Shuangtaihe wetland soil in 0-7 days to stimulate the effect of the performance of micro Is to stimulate the weak, then turned to negative excitation; scytosiphon as additive, Shuangtaihe wetland soil in 0-28 days have shown positive excitation, while dove nest wetland soil in 0-7 days is strongly excited, then turn to negative; Suaeda grass as additives, soil two wetlands are shows a positive stimulation, but the effect was decreased; using sucrose as additive, dove nest wetland soils in 0-14 days for strong positive priming effect, then turn to weak negative excitation effect, two river wetland soils in 0-28 days have shown positive excitation, but in 0-14 days is strong, then turn for the faint is inspiring.

【學位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S153.6

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本文編號：1607077