本文選題：黃土高原　切入點：輻射　出處：《高原氣象》2016年02期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：黃土高原隴東地區(qū)有著特殊的氣候背景和下墊面,對這一地區(qū)陸氣相互作用特征和影響因素的觀測分析對改進(jìn)和發(fā)展陸面過程模式以及氣候變化研究有重要意義。利用隴東平?jīng)鲫懨孢^程與災(zāi)害天氣觀測研究站連續(xù)一年的陸面過程觀測資料,分析了雨養(yǎng)農(nóng)田降水量、土壤含水量、輻射、反照率和能量通量的季節(jié)變化,以及降水、土壤含水量和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動對能量分配的影響。結(jié)果表明,隴東地區(qū)降水量季節(jié)分布不均,土壤含水量有明顯季節(jié)差異,隨降水有明顯波動;輻射通量的季節(jié)變化較為規(guī)律,短波輻射的日均值受天氣狀況影響,波動較大;地表反照率呈明顯的季節(jié)變化,全年正午反照率最大值為0.83,出現(xiàn)在降雪后,生長季隨著作物的生長,反照率下降至0.2以下,農(nóng)作物收割以后的裸土反照率隨降水變化明顯,反照率與土壤體積含水量呈明顯的線性相關(guān)關(guān)系;湍流能量通量日循環(huán)和季節(jié)變化明顯,地表能量分配在很大程度上受降水影響,同時農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動也對其有較大影響,主導(dǎo)能量通量有較大的月際波動,潛熱通量月平均日變化峰值最大為240.8 W·m~(-2),出現(xiàn)在5月,感熱通量為192.5 W·m~(-2),出現(xiàn)在4月;在年尺度上,正午凈輻射多被感熱通量消耗,感熱通量約占35%,潛熱通量約占32%,低于灌溉農(nóng)田;在冬小麥快速生長季(3-5月),潛熱通量約占34%,遠(yuǎn)低于灌溉的冬小麥田,研究站點的蒸散發(fā)過程受到水分限制。
[Abstract]:There is a special climatic background and underlying surface in Longdong region of the Loess Plateau. The observation and analysis of the characteristics of land-atmosphere interaction and influencing factors in this area are of great significance for improving and developing the land surface process model and the study of climate change. Using Pingliang Land Surface process and disaster Weather observation Station in Eastern Gansu Province, China is of great significance. The land surface process observation data for the following year, The seasonal variations of precipitation, soil water content, radiation, albedo and energy flux in rain-fed farmland were analyzed, and the effects of precipitation, soil water content and agricultural activities on energy distribution were also analyzed. The seasonal distribution of precipitation is uneven and the soil water content is obviously different with precipitation, the seasonal variation of radiation flux is more regular, and the daily mean value of shortwave radiation is influenced by the weather condition and fluctuates greatly. The surface albedo shows obvious seasonal variation, and the maximum value of noon albedo is 0.83. after snowfall, the albedo decreases to less than 0.2 in the growing season with the growth of crops, and the albedo of bare soil after crop harvest changes obviously with the precipitation. Albedo has obvious linear correlation with soil volumetric water content, the daily cycle and seasonal variation of turbulent energy flux are obvious, the surface energy distribution is affected by precipitation to a great extent, and the agricultural activities also have great influence on it. The dominant energy flux fluctuated greatly, and the maximum diurnal variation of latent heat flux was 240.8 W 路m-1 ~ (-2), which appeared on May, and the sensible heat flux was 192.5 W 路m-1 ~ (-2), which appeared on April. On the annual scale, the noonday net radiation was mostly consumed by sensible heat flux. Sensible heat flux is about 35%, latent heat flux is about 32%, which is lower than irrigated farmland, and in winter wheat growing season 3 ~ 5 months, latent heat flux is about 34%, which is far lower than irrigated winter wheat field. The evapotranspiration process of the research site is limited by water.
【作者單位】： 中國科學(xué)院寒區(qū)旱區(qū)環(huán)境與工程研究所寒旱區(qū)陸面過程與氣候變化重點實驗室;中國科學(xué)院大學(xué);中國科學(xué)院平?jīng)鲫懨孢^程與災(zāi)害天氣觀測研究站;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41175009;41375001)
【分類號】：S161

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