本文關(guān)鍵詞： 徑流小區(qū) 含沙量 測量 攪拌取樣 誤差校正　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：水土流失監(jiān)測是我國水土保持工作的重中之中,其中徑流小區(qū)法是水土保持監(jiān)測中一種重要且應(yīng)用廣泛的方法。徑流小區(qū)集流桶(池)中含沙量的測量是準(zhǔn)確計算土壤侵蝕量的關(guān)鍵。在徑流小區(qū)泥沙監(jiān)測中攪拌取樣測量法是含沙量測量的傳統(tǒng)方法,此前的研究已表明這種方法可能因為攪拌不均勻和取樣過程中泥沙沉降影響含沙量測量精度,攪拌取樣法測量含沙量存在較大誤差。另外,我國各地不同的地形條件、降雨條件和土壤類型造就徑流小區(qū)監(jiān)測的徑流量、泥沙量存在較大差異,這也將影響徑流小區(qū)的建設(shè)和含沙量測量方法的精度。我國現(xiàn)有的行業(yè)規(guī)范并沒有全面反映徑流小區(qū)的技術(shù)要素,在含沙量測量方法的具體操作上規(guī)定不明確。雖有新的含沙量測量方法提出,但未能在全國范圍內(nèi)得到推廣應(yīng)用,徑流桶(池)含沙量的測量誤差問題仍未得到解決。因此,本研究通過四種土壤模擬集流桶(池)攪拌取樣測量含沙量誤差實驗得出誤差校正公式,提出一種較為簡便的攪拌取樣測量含沙量的誤差校正方法,以期快速應(yīng)用于全國各地的徑流小區(qū)監(jiān)測中。本研究以紫色土、黃綿土、X土、黑土四種土壤為研究對象,按照設(shè)計的13個含沙量水平,分為50 L和100 L的總體積,制備不同含沙量的泥沙水樣,由從事徑流小區(qū)測量的專業(yè)人員進(jìn)行攪拌取樣,采用烘干稱重法測量含沙量,并與設(shè)計含沙量進(jìn)行對比,計算得到攪拌取樣法的測量誤差,再通過回歸分析得出實際含沙里與測量含沙量之間的誤差校正公式,最后總結(jié)出誤差校正法應(yīng)用于徑流小區(qū)監(jiān)測的一般方法,結(jié)果表明:1)攪拌取樣法測量含沙量存在較大誤差,測得的含沙量整體結(jié)果均偏低。低含沙量時,紫色土、X土、黃綿土的平均相對誤差在-30%~-40%,黑土的平均相對誤差在-60%~-70%,在這個含沙量段誤差隨含沙量升高變化不大,圍繞平均相對誤差上下波動;含沙量升高到超高含沙量時,測量誤差會發(fā)生陡變,四種土壤平均相對誤差均減小到-20%以下,此時絕對誤差仍然較大,但相對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差減小,測量結(jié)果更穩(wěn)定。2)攪拌取樣測量法的含沙量測量誤差與體積成負(fù)相關(guān),50 L泥沙水樣測量含沙量的相對誤差較100 L泥沙水樣的相對誤差小。低含沙量時紫色土、X土、黑土100 L泥沙水樣含沙量測量誤差比50 L泥沙水樣高-7%左右,超高含沙量時紫色土、X土、黑土100 L泥沙水樣含沙量測量誤差比50 L泥沙水樣高-3%左右,黃綿土的測量誤差總體上受體積影響較小。3)通過方差分析和回歸分析得到四種土壤關(guān)于體積、含沙量的測量誤差的線性回歸方程:δ=j+aC0+bV;推導(dǎo)出測量含沙量與實際含沙量之間的誤差校正公式:將四種土壤的測量含沙量代入誤差校正公式進(jìn)行檢驗,結(jié)果顯示校正含沙量更接近實際含沙量,誤差校正提高了集流桶(池)內(nèi)含沙量測量的精度。4)將本研究通過模擬實驗得出含沙量誤差校正公式的過程總結(jié)成應(yīng)用于徑流小區(qū)泥沙監(jiān)測的誤差校正法,包括樣品制備、攪拌取樣過程和誤差校正公式的建立三部分內(nèi)容。各徑流小區(qū)可通過此誤差校正方法,建立不同工況下攪拌取樣測量含沙量與實際含沙量的關(guān)系,用于校正測量誤差,提高集流桶(池)內(nèi)含沙量測量精度,為水土保持監(jiān)測提供更可靠的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The monitoring of soil erosion is China's soil and water conservation work in, the runoff plot method is one of the most important and widely used method in monitoring of soil and water conservation. Runoff plots (pool) in the measurement of sediment concentration is the key to accurately calculate the amount of soil erosion. In the runoff sediment monitoring mixed sampling method is the traditional method for measuring sediment concentration, previous studies have shown that this method may affect the sediment measurement accuracy because of uneven mixing and sediment deposition in the sampling process, measurement of sediment sampling volume mixing has larger errors. In addition, different terrain conditions in our country, rainfall and soil types make runoff plots monitoring there is a big difference, the amount of sediment, which will also affect the construction and method of measuring sediment concentration in runoff plots. The accuracy of our existing industry standard does not fully reflect the runoff The technical elements, the specific operation in the measurement of sediment concentration on the provisions are not clear. Although the proposed new method of measuring sediment concentration, but has not been applied in the national scope, runoff barrels (pool) not errors in sediment are solved. Therefore, this research through four kinds of simulated soil collecting tank (pool) mixing sediment sampling and measurement error experiment error correction formula, put forward a correction method of simple mixing sampling and measurement of sediment concentration in runoff monitoring error and rapid application throughout the country. In this study, purple soil, loessial soil, soil X, soil four kinds of soil as the research object. According to the 13 concentration level of design, is divided into a total volume of 50 L and 100 L, the sediment water preparation of different sediment concentration, stirring by sampling measurement professionals engaged in runoff, sediment concentration by the method of drying and weighing measurement, And compared with the design of sediment concentration, the calculated error mixing sampling method, then the regression analysis showed that the error between the actual measurement of sediment concentration and sand containing correction formula, finally summarizes the general method of error correction is applied to runoff monitoring, the results showed that: 1) mixing sediment sampling amount of measurement the error of the measured sediment concentration, the overall results were low. Low concentration, purple soil, X soil, the average relative error of Loessal Soil in the -30%~-40%, the average relative error of black soil in -60%~-70%, in the sediment concentration increased with the error period changed little, on average relative error of the fluctuation of sediment concentration increased; to the ultra high sediment concentration, the measurement error will occur suddenly, four kinds of soil average relative error was reduced to below -20%, the absolute error is still large, but the relative standard deviation is reduced, the measurement results more stable .2) mixing sampling method the sediment volume measurement error and negatively related to the relative error of 50 L sediment samples measurement of sediment concentration is 100 L sediment samples. Low sand content in purple soil, soil X, soil water content of 100 L sediment measurement error than 50 L sediment water with high -7% about super high sand content in purple soil, soil X, soil water content of 100 L sediment measurement error than 50 L sediment water about -3% high volume, less affected by the overall measurement error of.3 in loessial soil) on the analysis of variance and regression analysis in four kinds of soil on the volume, concentration of linear measurement error the regression equation: =j+aC0+bV value; error is deduced and the actual measurement of sediment concentration correction formula: measurement of sediment into the error of four kinds of soil test results show that the correction formula, correction of sediment is more close to the actual content, error Differential correction improves the accuracy of.4 collecting tank (pool) sediment measurement) will be through the study of simulation experiment show the error correction process Sedimentconcentration error correction formula summarized as applied to runoff sediment monitoring, including sample preparation, mixing process and sampling error correction formula is established. The content of the three part the runoff through this error correction method, relationship between sampling and measurement of sediment concentration and stirring actual sediment is established under different working conditions, for the correction of measurement error, improve the accuracy of collecting tank (pool) sediment measurement, and provide basic data for more reliable monitoring of soil and water conservation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S157.1

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本文編號：1547749