本文關(guān)鍵詞： 廢棄物堆肥化基質(zhì) 覆蓋 土壤性狀 果園 果實(shí)品質(zhì)　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前,我國(guó)果園現(xiàn)狀普遍為過(guò)度依賴農(nóng)藥、化肥來(lái)提高果實(shí)產(chǎn)量,因而導(dǎo)致了水體污染,土壤酸化板結(jié)及有機(jī)質(zhì)含量越來(lái)越低等一系列環(huán)境問(wèn)題及食品安全問(wèn)題。為了為廢棄物資源在果樹上的合理利用找到一條新途徑,同時(shí)為了增加果園蓄水量,改善土壤的生態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),本研究模擬原始森林的地表結(jié)構(gòu),探討了覆蓋牛糞鋸末堆肥基質(zhì)(CSC)、牛糞樹皮堆肥基質(zhì)(CBC)、雞糞鋸末堆肥基質(zhì)(FSC)、雞糞樹皮堆肥基質(zhì)(FBC)、菇渣堆肥基質(zhì)(SMC)、啤酒污泥堆肥基質(zhì)(BSC)六種不同的有機(jī)堆肥基質(zhì)地表覆蓋以及同種有機(jī)廢棄物堆肥基質(zhì)在果園地表覆蓋不同年限對(duì)土壤、果樹的影響,試驗(yàn)所用的堆肥基質(zhì)經(jīng)過(guò)高溫有氧腐解處理后,樹下起壟表層基質(zhì)覆蓋。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,有機(jī)質(zhì)堆肥的覆蓋可以顯著降低表層(0 20cm)土壤容重,使土壤疏松,增大通氣性。表層基質(zhì)覆蓋雜草抑制率達(dá)到98%以上,污泥堆肥基質(zhì)含水率最高,保水效果最好,其次是雞糞樹皮堆肥基質(zhì),最次的是菇渣。覆蓋改良區(qū)相比CK區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分含量各方面都有顯著的增加,其中雞糞鋸末、雞糞樹皮堆肥化基質(zhì)兩組處理對(duì)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、速效磷、速效鉀含量增加及其明顯。在土壤三種酶的方面,過(guò)氧化氫酶、脲酶差異一般,而蔗糖酶的處理中以牛糞樹皮、牛糞鋸末堆肥化基質(zhì)兩組處理最為明顯。綜合果實(shí)品質(zhì)的各個(gè)方面來(lái)看,牛糞樹皮、牛糞鋸末、雞糞樹皮、雞糞鋸末四組處理差異較小但都比CK高出20%~30%,而菇渣堆肥化基質(zhì)、污泥堆肥化基質(zhì)兩組效果不是很明顯。根系活力的大小順序?yàn)镃BCCSCFBCFSCBSCSMCCK。隨著堆肥基質(zhì)覆蓋年限的增加,各個(gè)處理相比CK,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量有了明顯的提高。隨著覆蓋年限的增加,三組處理土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)逐步增加,分別比對(duì)照CK組高出88.25%、130.93%、187.89%。而三組處理中,氮、磷、鉀的含量均有顯著的增加,而在0-20cm土層中效果最為明顯。三組處理單果重分別比CK高出35.96%、44.06%、85.09%。而可溶性固形物變化不明顯。在果實(shí)硬度的指標(biāo)中,經(jīng)過(guò)三年處理與對(duì)照CK差距較大。
[Abstract]:At present, the current situation of orchards in China is generally dependent on pesticides and fertilizers to improve the fruit yield, resulting in water pollution. In order to find a new way for the rational utilization of waste resources on fruit trees and to increase the storage capacity of orchard, a series of environmental problems and food safety problems such as soil acidification, organic matter content and so on have been found in order to find a new way for the rational utilization of waste resources on fruit trees. In order to improve the ecological structure of soil, this study simulates the surface structure of the original forest, and discusses the covering of cattle dung sawdust compost substrate (CSCC) and cow dung bark composting substrate (CBC). Chicken manure sawdust composting substrate FSCC, chicken dung bark composting substrate FBCU, mushroom residue composting substrate SMC). Effects of six different organic compost substrates and the same organic waste composting substrate on soil and fruit trees in orchards for different years. The results showed that the organic compost mulch could significantly reduce the soil bulk density (0 ~ 20 cm). The inhibition rate of weeds covered by surface substrate was more than 98%, the moisture content of sludge compost substrate was the highest, the water retention effect was the best, and the next was the composting substrate of chicken dung bark. The most important is mushroom dregs. Compared with CK area, the soil nutrient content in the improved coverage area increased significantly, among which chicken manure sawdust, chicken dung tree bark composting substrate two groups of treatment on soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus. The difference of catalase and urease was general in soil three enzymes, while the bark of cow dung was used in the treatment of sucrase. Cattle manure sawdust composting substrate treatment is the most obvious. Comprehensive fruit quality of all aspects, cattle dung bark, cattle manure sawdust, chicken manure bark. The difference of the four groups of chicken manure sawdust treatment was small, but it was 20% and 30% higher than that of CK, while the mushroom residue composting substrate. The order of root activity was CBCCSCFBCFSCBSCSMCCK. Compared with CK, the content of soil organic matter in each treatment increased obviously. With the increase of mulching years, the organic matter of three treatments increased gradually, which was 88.25% higher than that of CK group respectively. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased significantly in the three groups. The effect was the most obvious in 0-20cm soil layer. The single fruit weight of the three treatments was 35.96% higher than that of CK (44.06%). 85.09. but soluble solids did not change obviously. In the index of fruit firmness, there was a big difference between CK and treatment after three years.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S141.4;S66

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本文編號(hào)：1480943