本文選題：顆粒氣體　切入點：微重力　出處：《物理學(xué)報》2016年01期

【摘要】：顆粒體系由于非彈性碰撞和摩擦等內(nèi)秉的能量耗散特性,由宏觀粒子形成的顆粒氣體體系經(jīng)常會有局部凝聚現(xiàn)象,這是顆粒氣體體系與分子氣體體系的最大區(qū)別之一.理解和預(yù)測這一現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生將有助于人們對遠離平衡態(tài)體系的復(fù)雜現(xiàn)象,如有序結(jié)構(gòu)、斑圖和團簇形成的認(rèn)知.這種局部凝聚現(xiàn)象可以類比于分子氣體中亞穩(wěn)分解形成的液滴,將氣液相分離用于解釋和尋求局部凝聚現(xiàn)象的此模型得到了分子動力學(xué)模擬的校驗.但是實驗的校驗卻由于宏觀粒子運動受重力作用的影響難以在實驗室中實現(xiàn).作為實踐十號衛(wèi)星的前期實驗,本文利用國家微重力實驗室落塔裝置,以水平激振裝有不同尺寸和數(shù)目的顆粒樣品,在短時微重力條件下,成功觀察到顆粒氣體團簇的形成;并將實驗結(jié)果與顆粒氣體類范德瓦耳斯氣體分子相分離模型對比,由形成團簇樣品的顆粒數(shù)密度條件,來實驗確定了所選顆粒的恢復(fù)系數(shù),得到直徑為0.5 mm的鈦珠顆粒的恢復(fù)系數(shù)在0.6—0.8之間,直徑為1 mm的鈦珠顆粒的恢復(fù)系數(shù)約為0.8,直徑為2.5 mm的鈦珠顆粒的恢復(fù)系數(shù)應(yīng)大于0.8.
[Abstract]:Due to the energy dissipation characteristics of inelastic collision and friction, particle gas systems formed by macroscopic particles often exhibit local condensation. This is one of the biggest differences between a granular gas system and a molecular gas system. Understanding and predicting the occurrence of this phenomenon will contribute to the understanding of complex phenomena far from equilibrium systems, such as ordered structures, Pattern and cluster formation. This phenomenon of local condensation can be analogous to the formation of droplets formed by the metastable decomposition of molecular gases. The model of gas-liquid phase separation is used to explain and seek local condensation phenomenon. The verification of molecular dynamics simulation is obtained, but the verification of experiment is difficult to be realized in the laboratory because of the effect of gravity on the macroscopic particle motion. As a preliminary experiment in the practice of satellite 10, In this paper, the formation of granular gas clusters has been successfully observed under the condition of short-term microgravity by using the tower dropping device of the National Microgravity Laboratory and the horizontal excitation with different size and number of particle samples. The experimental results are compared with the van der Waals gas molecular separation model, and the recovery coefficient of the selected particles is determined by the particle number density condition of the cluster sample. The recovery coefficient of titanium beads with diameter of 0.5 mm is between 0.6-0.8, and that of titanium beads with diameter of 1 mm is about 0.8. The recovery coefficient of titanium beads with diameter of 2.5 mm should be greater than 0.8.
【作者單位】： 北京理工大學(xué)物理學(xué)院;中國科學(xué)院物理研究所軟物質(zhì)物理重點實驗室北京凝聚態(tài)物理國家實驗室;
【基金】：中國科學(xué)院空間科學(xué)戰(zhàn)略性先導(dǎo)科技專項(批準(zhǔn)號:XDA04020200) 國家自然科學(xué)基金(批準(zhǔn)號:11274354,11474326) 地震行業(yè)科研經(jīng)費(批準(zhǔn)號:201208011)資助的課題~~
【分類號】：O347.7

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