【摘要】：露天礦運(yùn)行的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)是各塊段開(kāi)采順序的優(yōu)化,尋找開(kāi)采效益最優(yōu)的方案。在這一部分所面臨的難題,即露天礦問(wèn)題的塊調(diào)度,是考慮到幾個(gè)技術(shù)和物理約束,確定最終目標(biāo)以確定塊提取的最優(yōu)調(diào)度的安排。本研究引入了解決露天礦問(wèn)題的綜合數(shù)學(xué)模型,該模型考慮了實(shí)際采礦作業(yè)的技術(shù)條件。在該模型中,對(duì)塊的屬性、目的地分配、塊調(diào)度、等級(jí)控制和庫(kù)存進(jìn)行了研究和集成,以滿足生產(chǎn)目標(biāo),并基本上降低了庫(kù)存成本。與傳統(tǒng)的礦塊調(diào)度模型相比,該模型是根據(jù)塊單元(最小挖掘單元)開(kāi)發(fā)的,同時(shí)滿足等級(jí)、處理和優(yōu)先關(guān)系要求的所有約束條件。露天礦塊調(diào)度是一個(gè)非確定性多項(xiàng)式問(wèn)題,因此,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)整數(shù)規(guī)劃求解器不能解決工業(yè)規(guī)模問(wèn)題。因此在MATLAB軟件中創(chuàng)建和編碼啟發(fā)式算法和元啟發(fā)式算法,包括構(gòu)造啟發(fā)法、模擬退火法、禁忌搜索法和局部搜索法。禁忌搜索法與模擬退火法是一種新的雜交算法,具有兩種特征。為了驗(yàn)證所提出的啟發(fā)式算法,在這些算法的結(jié)果和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)求解器(CPLEX)的結(jié)果之間進(jìn)行比較,對(duì)于適用于大規(guī)模案例的求解。此外,根據(jù)實(shí)地的真實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)。進(jìn)行敏感性分析和數(shù)值研究,以定量和洞察力的建議規(guī)劃師和采礦工程師。
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2018
【分類號(hào)】：TD804
【圖文】：

d height (z) of the block model. Fig 1-1a and Fig 1-1b demonstrate a 3D and a 2Dck model individually. A block model content of a numerous of the individualck in which various attributes like, specific gravity, rock category, and grade arealuated for every individual block. The model of a big volume of ore may have auple millions of blocks that depending on the volume of the ore and the dimensionsthe blocks (Fig1-2). The average grade of each individual block is assumed byostatistical methods[11]. Geo-statistical and Statistical strategies are mostly used toess the properties of the block depend on the exploration data (data of holes). theiging estimator is a commonly used method for estimating and evaluating the blockributes. Kriging is a type of geostatistical methods and is known as the best linearbiased estimator[12]. In recent times, in order to handle uncertainty in evaluationplied geostatistical simulation methods like sequential Gaussian simulation,ulated annealing[13,14]. At the stage of grade estimation, assuming that theperties distribution is uniform and equal within the whole block.a b

The block dimensions are defined such that the block model represents orebeometry and characteristics precisely. The block dimensions are determiepending on the geological deposits & formations of the ore body, exploraoreholes, grade fluctuation of ore and the dimensions of the machinery. For mpecification, the tendency is to choose small dimensions for the blocks in the bodeling. However, it is known, decreasing of the block dimensions result inariance of estimation of that block enhances[17]. In addition to this rise in eumulative of estimation, the time which consumes for mine design & planning rade evaluation will rise rapidly as the dimensions of blocks are diminishing. Aependable guideline, the smallest volume of a block must not be less of 25% ofistance between exploration boreholes[18]. also, another defect of the blocks was small dimensions is dilution. The dilution has taken place because of the blendaste with ore in blasting and loading operation and then sent to the stockpile olant. The dilution affecting by excavator's and loader's bucket size; the sizeFig. 1-2 A block model showed thousands of blocks (Hustrulid & Kuchta 1995)圖 1-2 顯示幾千塊的塊模型(Hustrulid & Kuchta 1995)

Fig. 1-4 A section view of final pit limit, (Ramazan,2001)圖 1-4 露天礦終了示意圖 Cut-off graden general, the cut-off grade is specified as smallest quantity of profitaial that should be in one unit (e.g. one ton) of material before this matorted to the processing unit[26]. Actually, the cut-off grade is a scentiate between the ore and the waste in the certain deposit. In a straightfminor cut-off grade meaning is the cost of processing is precisely equivacome gain by the recovered commodity. Consequently, the minor cut-ofputed as the grade g at which the net cost of processing is equivalent to it when the material is handled as waste. many cut-off grades may detding to consideration of which constraint (e.g., mining limit, processing required)[29]. indeed, the cut-off grade does not just depend on the meta market and money expenses of mining, processing, and refining, besidesepends on the limits of these stages and grade-tonnage circulation of the

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