【摘要】：氰化法浸金由于應(yīng)用成熟、浸出簡便,指標(biāo)穩(wěn)定等原因,一直為金礦浸出使用最多手段。然而,氰化法耗時(shí)久,具有劇毒性,對環(huán)境與操作員工造成了極大損傷。毒性低、效率高、便宜經(jīng)濟(jì)的非氰浸金手段一直都在被探索研究。本論文針對某高硫、砷難處理金礦,采用新型非氰浸出劑進(jìn)行了浸金試驗(yàn)研究。試樣工藝礦物學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),其硫、鐵元素占總量比為9.206%、12.694%,金品位為98.34g/t。礦石含砷,達(dá)2.7%。礦物組成簡單,金屬礦物主要為黃鐵礦、金紅石、毒砂,以及微量黃銅礦與閃鋅礦、金礦物。脈石礦物主要為石英與長石,還有少量絹云母與綠泥石。金以不規(guī)則細(xì)脈或片狀鑲嵌在黃鐵礦中,或以浸染狀和毒砂致密共生,包裹在其中。礦樣粒度較粗,-74μm僅占42.51%。金礦物與黃鐵礦、毒砂集合緊密,屬于高砷難處理硫化金礦。在探索試驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上確定采用高溫焙燒-酸性浸金方案。經(jīng)過試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化,最終確定的工藝參數(shù)為:原礦在750℃下焙燒2h,然后磨礦使得磨礦細(xì)度-0.037 mm含量占80.92%,采用浸出劑HJ-1用量0.8mol/L,氧化劑用量0.05mol/L,液固比4:1,浸出時(shí)間為3h,pH為2,攪拌轉(zhuǎn)速600rad/min,在常溫下進(jìn)行浸出,最終獲得金浸出率94.09%。熱力學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在該浸出劑HJ-1的浸金系統(tǒng)中,Au主要以正三價(jià)被氧化,反應(yīng)為復(fù)合離子Au(SCN)_4~-,在浸出反應(yīng)過程中,溶液中不存在Au(SCN)_4~-及Au~+。且在HJ-1浸出系統(tǒng)中,SCN~-氧化分解不可避免。使用氧化劑氧化金礦時(shí),也會(huì)氧化SCN~-,將SCN~-氧化為SO_4~(2-)、CN-以及H+。所以選擇的氧化劑電極電勢不應(yīng)太高,應(yīng)小于0.94-0.079pH-0.0074 logSCN~-/[SO_4~(2-)][OCN]~-。且對于使用Fe~(3+)作為氧化劑的HJ-1浸金體系,浸金溶液pH應(yīng)該保持3以下。動(dòng)力學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在浸出劑用量0.5~0.8mol/L,浸出溫度15~45℃,氧化劑濃度0.02~0.05mol/L,浸出時(shí)間15~60 min的條件下,依據(jù)浸金數(shù)據(jù)可計(jì)算的表觀活化能Ea為45.7kJ/mol,HJ-1反應(yīng)級(jí)數(shù)為1.1,硫酸鐵反應(yīng)級(jí)數(shù)為0.5。由此可判斷其浸金反應(yīng)速率受化學(xué)反應(yīng)模型控制。因此,使用該浸出劑處理該礦樣的反應(yīng)速率方程為:1-(1-η)~(1/3)=11.64e~(-45700/RT)?[HJ-1]~(1.1)?[Fe_2(SO_4)_3]~(0.5)。
[Abstract]:Cyanide leaching of gold has been the most widely used method for gold leaching because of its mature application, simple leaching and stable index. However, cyanide method takes a long time and is highly toxic, causing great damage to the environment and operators. Non-cyanide gold leaching methods, which are low toxicity, high efficiency and cheap economy, have been explored and studied all the time. In this paper, a new type of non-cyanide leaching agent was used to study the gold leaching of a refractory gold deposit with high sulfur and arsenic. It was found that the ratio of sulfur to iron was 9.206%, 12.694% and the grade of gold was 98.34 g 路t ~ (- 1), the ratio of sulfur to iron was 9.206%, 12.694%, and the grade of gold was 98.34 g / t. The ore contains 2.7% arsenic. The mineral composition is simple, the metal minerals are pyrite, rutile, arsenopyrite, as well as trace chalcopyrite and sphalerite, gold minerals. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz and feldspar, as well as a small amount of sericite and chlorite. Gold is inlaid in pyrite in irregular veinlets or flakes, or dense symbiosis in disseminated and arsenopyrite. The grain size of the ore sample is coarse, and the grain size of-74 渭 m is only 42.51%. Gold minerals and pyrite, arsenopyrite collection is close, belonging to high arsenic refractory sulphide gold deposits. On the basis of exploration and test, the scheme of high temperature roasting and acid leaching of gold was determined. After experimental optimization, the final technological parameters are as follows: the raw ore is calcined at 750 鈩，

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